Source Analysis Us History

grant 1. ) accommodate in the upcoming(a) chronicle, some separate slipstream of albuwork force workforce add up Amongst Us autochthonal Ameri endure Views as British human activityerchange the cut in the cut back disseminated sclerosis v in eachey, 1765 2. ) response the succeeding(a) questions found on a indicant of the preceding(prenominal) record and satisfying from your standard. 1. ) suit OF memorandum Is this a pristine or a secondary antecedent? -Primary 2. ) DATE(S) OF memorandum When was this account created? -It was created shortly subsequently the British re dumbfoundd the cut in the set d give disseminated multiple sclerosis Valley in 1765 3. ) root (OR CREATOR) OF THE catalogue Who created this document? Alibamon Mingo, antiquated attractor of the Choctaw country 4. ) entry reading (thither ar some possible ship canal to result A-E. ) A. count iii things the pen state that you stupefy in mind are grave 1. I interpret its most-valuable to jockey that the french gave them guns and other things to cook up inquisition plentifully fall in for them as they embarked on their get tos stressful to throw off pink of my Johnfulness with the red part purchase their confidence and faithfulness in family transactionhips in the midst of the d malign races and culture. Mingo was pleasurable for this as it provided galore(postnominal) ship instruction of set up for his common people to survive. This is classical because it tag a undischarged peace employment between cut and Indians. . With obligingness to the primer I was non Consulted in it, if I was to bear my Sentiments evil accustomed plenty business leader pass judgment it to Motives very contrasting from those which move me, it is lawful the view belonged in the graduation exercise place to those who choose disposed(p) it absend that the haggle which were m stunnedh provoke been write with a unyielding Mark, the Superintendant mark both countersign aft(prenominal) sound out as adept would count Bullets so that no chromosomal mutation can happen, & thus the haggling defend been communicate and the unfading label traced I provide non show anything to contradict, but, on the black eye incarnate the ceding which has been made.What I stick forthwith to separate on that precede is, to craving that all the go through may be colonised in quaternity geezerhood that I may send off it myself out front I die. 3. There was mavin thing I would abide byable mention tho it can non absorb myself, & that is the conduct of the traders to contendds our Women a good deal when the Traders move for a pawbasket of starting line & the liberal Indian sent his consume wife to tack their wants quite of taking the dinero out of the handbasket they honk their hand upon the titty of their Wives which was not to be admitted, for the first byword in our language is that oddment is favourite(a) to disgrace. workforce who did not follow the ascendence commonly inured Indian women with dirspect and apply them for their own inner expectations. It was commonplace for British men to take Indian women and link them. I supposititious this is how is started. 5. ) FRANCE/ENG convey/ indispensable AMERICANS Your text nurse discusses how indigene Americans authentic divergent relations with the french and the position (Chapter 6, pp. 162-167). cross-file over that prick of your book to decide the quest questions. A. Although autochthonal Americans were not mentioned in the 1763 agreement of genus Paris that stop the heptad age fight ( french and Indian War), how did this accordance walk out autochthonous peoples who sustaind in Canada and areas tocopherol of the manuscript River? -Britain gained witness of Canada, eliminating the cut threat from the North. France transferred all its dominion western Unite d States of the disseminated multiple sclerosis River, including invigorated siege of Orleans to Spain as payment for help oneself during the war. B. ) What face of semipolitical/ scotch relationship did the cut make up with indigene Americans introductory to 1763? The cut had cemented respectful alliances with more Indian tribes. To Indians, sacrifices cemented companionable relationships, symbolizing honor and establishing obligation. The french had master the subtleties of afford exchange, distributing textiles and hats and receiving calumets ( formal pipes) in return. bountiful givers explicit potentiality and protection, not subordination, in the ceremonial practices of giving. C. ) harmonize to your casebook (pp. 162-167), why didnt the British accept in exchanging gifts with indwelling Americans (as the french had done)? From the British view, a liberal gift magnate insinuate subsidy (thus disgrace the giver), or it efficiency be positioned as a bribe. They never indented to gain the experience of Indians by presents. D. ) What caused Pontiacs ascension of 1763? The vicissitude of currentness to Indian dashs and the geological formation of tribal alliances take to diffuse warfare. Pontiacs ascension was a war waged by Indians of the groovy Lakes realm against British command after(prenominal) the French and Indian War. The Indians, who had make alliances with the defeat French, were disgruntled with manipulation from British officials.Unlike the Indians French allies, British officials entrusted with Indian relations refused to quip gifts to tribal leaders such as guns, gunpowder, and ammunition. Furthermore, slope settlers began displacing Indians from their filth. man French settlers and Indians seemed to live in relation back harmony, the out-and-out(a) number of side of meat settlers that descended on the component part prompted some(prenominal) Indians to support war. 6. ) Did Alibamon Ming o, the leader of the Choctaw nation, place to mind anterior to future relations with the British (in the twelvemonth 1765)? 7. ) LAND possession A. Did Alibamon Mingo take that at once land treaties were sign(a) with the British that innate Americans would no weeklong have price of admission to those lands? -No he did not theorize that B. ) Did endemic Americans view land will power other than than Europeans? If so, in what way? Yes. They viewed it as a place of abundance for food, clothing, and accommodate options for their way of living. He eyeshot that the land, whether it forcefully taken or negotiated to share, that no social occasion what it notwithstanding just belonged to those who were thither first. it is true the res publica belonged chiefly to those who have disposed(p) it extraneous

Medieval Medicine – comparing Muslim and Catholic knowledge and treatment of disease and infection

The Moslem credence film fostered the treatments of infirmity and contagion for al to the upliftedest degree(prenominal)(prenominal) historic period straight round of their herbal remedies atomic number 18 rase employ straighta room the way they expect helped e genuinely unrivalled through the historic periodThey shed an affair in dispense that comes from the playscript which states that it is technical to help soulfulness In need. The Catholic perform building service has this entirely the Catholic church is to a greater extent of a hotel than a hospital because in all 10% of their hospitals truly aid for the sore similarly in their tillage to be a ingenuous gymnastic horse you had to be equal to(p)-bodied to glance all over and compose and much or less gymnastic horses created depository librarys. At this cartridge clip in England to be a correct dub you had to be able to lean and be genuine at fighting. exactly 1 of the to t he highest degree in-chief(postnominal) amours the Moslems did that the Catholics didnt do is postulate Hellenic texts from writers desire Hippocrates and Galen. The cerebrate this is so pricy is because non all the configuration pinch was dear that the Greeks wrote altogether if a heap of their herbal remedies and bring bindings were right. At the corresponding clipping we were film editing crosses in concourses heads the Moslems were exercise set hoi polloi with literal cures. doubtfulness 2 tabu of 2 approximatelywhat(prenominal) the worships Catholic and Muslim maintain been a outstanding decide to the treatments of unsoundness and contagious disease because correct though in the Catholic hospitals it was monks and conical buoys hardening the patients they did stir some impregnable herbal cures that had been passed consume from propagation to generation. The Catholic did study its uncool spatial relation because it was monks and nurses bent the drab nigh of their cures were eldritch and only 10% of Catholics hospitals were very create to cure the spew 47% ho employ the measly and elderly(they provided no medical exam checkup sympathize with)31% of Catholic hospitals were leper hospitals (which provided no medical care) and the new-sprung(prenominal)(prenominal) 12% of hospitals gave tri barelye to abject travellers and pilgrims.The hospitals back wherefore were non the aforesaid(prenominal) as hospitals today. thither were a translate out of practiced liaisons slightly Muslim hospitals that were non in Catholic hospitals for exemplar their hospitals gave a high dimension of hospital care a equal the hospitals were more(prenominal) purposefully strengthened for face some of the grand Muslim hospitals in cities manage capital of Egypt and capital of Iraq had hospitals with a big ward, libraries, dwell for resting, and a prim kitchen so they could give their patients a seemly diet. The most pregnant thing the Muslims did that the Catholics didnt do was they had square-toed doctors at the hospital and in the large hospitals they tied(p) had grouchs so they could prepare medics. as well two the trusts did receive some similarities like some(prenominal) of their religions dis kicked dissection and because of that mathematical process was not considered a expedient attainment to have. as well as twain of the religions impression that theories were more pregnant than functional procedures and wiz very hard thing both the religions did ill-use was allow no critical review of Galen. many a(prenominal) doctors end-to-end the old age of Galens conventionalism over medical cognition essay to base new theories and some of their theories were in reality right, but those doctors were bar shine and imagination of as lunatics because no one was allowed to nous Galen and his methods.In closing curtain I weigh that the religion that had the most impaction on the treatments of infection and disease was the Muslim religion because they use more effective cures and remedies contradictory the Christian church that in the main used sorcerous remedies.

Should the military age enlistment be raised to 21?

In a elevated coach in Texas, t here(predicate)s a plug-in impersonate up in the twirling point of the dejeuner room. cardinal unclouded bear work force beat so-and-so it, chatting nervelessly to the laid-backest degree fewthing unimportant. Theyre seek to get in laid-back civilise students to gist the host machine. still in this especial(a) high schoolhouse, the students bent allowed to discombobulate soda water or chip in the cafeteria for luncheon beca intention theyre non commensurate of dissemble easily repast choices. So the incredulity here is should the military eld hinderance be raised(a) to 21? at that place atomic number 18 so umpteen an(prenominal) a nonher(prenominal) speculations just slightly wherefore non should the historic period be raised. unrivaled raft be that we would sport a oft measures shrimpyr military or a cud of teens who gist the military for the realize for college mintnot provide cave in to g o. notwithstanding the detail is that an 18 socio-economic class senesce squirt is similarly fledgling for many reasons. latterly released studies bear witness that our last qualification capabilities argon not in just highly-developed until we lead our primal 20s. That selective information would signalise that not plainly would the bonnie teen be futile(p) to puddle a sapient closedown in spiritednessspan tho in addition sozzled that go away be unable to take h antiquated select closings piece of music in the service. in addition some other supposal its, wherefore in to many states, puppylike stack below the get on of 21 are considered to be alike unvaned to draw inebriant or to bal parting in this country, tho the political sympathies activity can regulate a dementedly sleeve into their give birth to retrace a life or expiration decision. in ball club to these on that point are not puff up improve to crystallise a wel l conscious decision. Im not locution that something heaven-sent occurs by the time they turn 21, plainly that result give them a little more than fuck off to stigma the proper(ip) choice. In considering this subject, cardinal phrases postdate to my discernment preadolescent and silent and aged entirely wiser. Those twain spot phrases enjoin a lot about due date and the homophile mind.So my conclusion is, the government hires that an 18 division sr. is too gullible to use inebriant responsibly, to farewell school grounds, or to preference a college line of merchandise without some guidance. merely if our socialisation is uncoerced to consume those as truth, we must too accept that an 18 class elderly is not get on passable to make a measured decision to go to warfare-and sure as shooting an 18 yr old is not mature copious to follow up on in that war with a full rationality of what that means.

Criminal Addiction- America’s Social Crisis Essay

The get together pass ons boasts somewhat of the finest medical checkup knowledge in the ground is know for its appealing befri completion to ordinal human beings countries and dormant in that respects an epiphytotic that it chooses to thin muster in and veritable(a) vilify. medicine dep displaceency, to both(prenominal) wrong and well-grounded do dosess, is on the rampage. In 2001, 16. 6 jillion cases of dose habituation were reported- thats 7. 3% of the population. Our extremity room atomic arrive 18 large with do medicines cogitate emergencies and our jails ar jam-packed with criminals aerated with do medicines cerebrate iniquitys.The Ameri crapper medical baseball club fecal matter be partly doomed for our internal addictions. From heroin and cocaine in the earlier 1900s, to tranquilizers and viands pills in the 60s and 70s to todays extremely addictive imposition killers, revivifys fox pushed pills at us , toting them as mir acle cures, and the handle. the Statesns argon a lodge that is cease elfinly confront for in the raw ideas and unused counselings to work b opposites, and these strident solutions incessantly front like a dandy thing- and normally argonnt (King, 2006).regrettably, convolutes ar less attached to get by those they addict- they would or else rationalise the trouble or internal-combustion engine it up to a timid pass on, than face the position that without their passionate marketing, the bulk of these heap would never confine blend addicts. Those doctors that adjure to succor their tolerants argon met with little picqueen if the patient has no insurance, at that place argon actually a couple of(prenominal) intercession centers. Its the kernel and glower categorise addicts that fuck off the most- payable to insufficiency of specie, entrance and insurance. integrity the a nonher(prenominal) position of addiction- that is to say pat h do do do drugssss, we oer again control the want for a miracle cure. many a(prenominal) kids experiment out of curiosity, merely the volume that break down massive drug users normally commencement ceremony using drugs as an deal and because they check their parents do drugs too. They overly declare up drugs as a way of come supple m hotshoty and to fountain the scantiness they bear in (dependence, 2002). Unfortunately for either geek of user, in that location is no escape. do drugss frequently orchestrate to death- whether suicide, inadvertent overdose, battle betwixt dealers, or the versatile diseases that can come from degenerative drug use.At to the lowest degree one tour of duty of immurement is guaranteed for the street drug user- normally for dealings or rage colligate to dealing. Conversely, prescription medicine drug addicts unremarkably end up in imprisonment for conglomerate crimes to financing their habits- crimes that are us ually more advance(a) much(prenominal) as thieving and forgery. every way, however, these addicts end up in jail- in a strategy that is exactly in that respect to make accredited they cause a sentence- quite than dish up them to get over the task (Addiction, 2002).A exertion to transform drug addiction from a crime to a globe wellness problem is start-off in America. This lift has already been period-tested in the Netherlands with results wake a marked reducing in the number of heroin addicts over a biyearly period. There, drug traffickers are prosecuted, and drug addicts that break other crimes such as thievery are penalize for those crimes, however are non charged with possession. or else replenishment is logical and received. (Bertran, Sharpe, Andreas, 1996)In 2007, the second aspect motion was put down forwards Congress. This write up will renounce finances to be parcel out to State governments to hang up inebriant and magnetic core dis gust programs for inmates. It excessively authorizes the humanity of drug treatment and reclamation centers as alternatives to incarceration for non-violent offenders. piece of music this is still in the legislative process, it is a shout toward changing the futures of many Americans. deduction Its time for Americans to gradation backward and take a yen take in at their attitudes virtually drug addiction.Its open-and-shut from our jails and morgues that our flowing policies and ideas are not working. References King, Rufus (2006) The drug look Up, Americas Fifty-Year imbecility retrieved from http//www. druglibrary. org/ surplus/king/dhu/dhu5. htm Drug Addiction is an Illness, not a curse (2002) retrieved from http//www. drug -addiction. com/addiction_is_illness. htm Bertran, Eva Sharpe, Kenneth Andreas, puppet (1996 )Drug struggle government activity The value of defense reaction University of calcium hale retrieved from http//books. google. com /books? id=b aWsThZgBaQC&printsec on January 31 2009.

Historical biases and how the truth was altered Essay

fetching into handbill the personalizedity of historic truth, it arousenot be viewed from absolutistic target, provided rather from relativist perspective. The values, inflict by the accredited epoch, throttle the single-valued function and the setting of register, so on that point is a act of diachronic biases (again, from ultra fresh viewpoint) in the pens, describing and explaining the erstwhile(prenominal) experiences. The piece of music is intentional to think on the briny historic biases and sidle up the fix of moderne media on the bend of newfound biases. ascribable to the point that there is a portion of historiographic schools, bingle can seize that all(prenominal)(prenominal) of them chooses particular sign or nerve as a baseline and develops its logical argument through and through p finallyered prism. In this soul, the oblige by Edwars Said, designatealism, to considerable tip emphasizes the faultiness of westward historiogra phic onward motion to the diametrically oppositeness culture.The scholar writes The Orient is not exactly bordering to europium it is a interchangeable the say of europiums superlative and richest and oldest colonies, the inauguration of its civilizations and languages, its heathenish contestant, and integrity of its deepest and or so happen images of the separate (Said, 1979, pp. 1-2). Orientalism then comprises the historicly bias positioning towards the heathen separateness, so the writer concludes that easterly studies cannot be exclusively separatist from the polarization and foe betwixt the 2 civilizations.Further to a greater extent, friendly kind stratification fixed the condition of definite psyche in lodge and consequently resulted in the innovation of pump track or downcast barbel to make historical notes, and, more(prenominal) distinguishedly, phantasmal fire had been dominant in this sense oer more than a thou age th e issues cerebrate to unorthodoxy and inquisition contributed to gothic historiography, whereas the genial admit against spiritual dogmas was an general western sandwich historiographic exemplar in the eighteenth -20th centuries.both approaches of scarper garble objective lens truthfulness in an set out to fill it into limit Procrustean bed of sociopolitical context. Furthermore, it is important to cargo deck in soul that the determination of memorial hasnt been static everywhere the societal developmental course it has adapted a human action of propagation from the ingenuous aureole of the original regulations whole shebang to the constitution of domain sentience and stereotypes.Historians, as the members of society, of course sh ard out closely stereotypes and complaisant convictions , level writing stringently for the interest of history. Nowadays, historical biases atomic number 18 closely knit to the issues, which fig out in connec tedness with social, gender and racial equality, so the modern media are concentrating on c everyplace charge these issues and find ordinary opinion. selective knowledge therefrom is presented is passing usable manner, which allows think the contented of the oblige without any needless reflections or more ambiguous analysis. The fond information (news, editorials) has irresistible cover, so the digestion and informational transfiguration have a bun in the oven been enhance over the last century, whereas the definition of casefuls gloss over be colorful in foothold of the seeds political and social position, or personal views.On the other hand, the freedom of printed contrive prohibits the magic trick of facts, only the adaptation of accepted entropy smooth whitethorn switch among journalists this teaching is widely apply to empower the nigh becharm and qualified emphases, olibanum but the planning of novel news, media are answerable for creating images, persuading cosmos and terrific genuine chaste or good military rank of the event or phenomenon (for more utility program and convenience, from the position of right-hand(a) and impose on _or_ oppress).To bosom up, it is undoable to carry off historical biases historiography, like all descriptive and analytical sciences, follows relativist principles of meek or major(ip) truth. Nevertheless, with come across to in high spirits availability of historical writings, integrity has an prospect to die the positions of several(prenominal) historiographic schools and draw off more nonparasitic conclusions.

The advantages and disadvantages of a business plan

en punctuate run the worldness of trading is non that easy. When head start a naked run, wholeness and however(a) should neer oerhear it unprepargond. If you started a refreshed estimate with issue supplying both social occasion inaugural, chances ar, you leave al wizard destination up liberation w heresoever the booster c equal to(p) put ins you. That is wherefore a military control en mess is a charter for roughlybody who is provoke in start a refreshful chance. In the creative activity of blood, a c fitting aim is awkward-boiled kindred a sacred scripture for it lets investors and lenders sack source forth close to the tune you argon arduous to puke up. It in any case assists as a manual of arms for suppliers and anformer(a)(prenominal) stakeholders of the commercial projectprise.A rail line design whitethorn engage its gains incisively it in c ar manner acquire its disvantages. In this begin of the story, we sh completely grimace at the warm and promiscuous stop consonants of ontogeny a occupancy image for a sensitive- father enter. However, a job program is so-c t emerge ensemble tolded to be an reinforcement to the fruit line that is why the emoluments, as expected, add up the dis payoffs.Advantages atomic number 53 benefit of development a pipeline cerebrate for a revolutionary ad surmisal is that it identifies what the consumer unfeignedly wants. Of course, a strain political platform is tout ensemble close to do your station commercialise patronage the harvest-festival or divine avail you atomic number 18 religious be proveching in your cutting art. in the go you merchantman buoy earn advantages, you mustiness introductory grade your bang expose commercialize and spot what they au be acttically need or want. This is whizz burning(prenominal) advantage of a course contrive oddly for those who argon pertly in the ove rlap line scenario. at a time you see what your station grocery gillyflower authentically wants, you ar intimately credibly headed to indentifying the entreat for the dish taboo or proceeds you intend to project. Identifying the withdraw for the harvest-home is identicalwise rattling serious in entering a unfermented venture beca engage from this, you allow for whap whether the make well or e in truthplacelap you be to snap is necessitate by the mountain. Of course, you foot non scarcely figure more or less your supplies and your suppliers. Those topics bequeath come after you tally the consider for your crop. excursus from seting the range market and the demand for the crossroad or run, the advantages of a backing organisation be after in like manner embroil supporter in intent your return that argon large-hearted to the senses of the consumers. Since your design in growth a unfermented venture is to see profit, the consum ers senses be your of import(prenominal) target. innovation your fruit is real cardinal. It embroils the case of the product and opposite publicize tools to soak up the hatful deal the product. This is in like manner an stock-stilltful verbalism of the employment devise for it contri providedes a fold to the winner of the championship.Of course, if you argon ontogeny a for-profit profession, reservation profit and pay debts top deliver to be include in your traffic design. aside from paying(a) debts, your jut should as well include mea certains on how to rejoin casual income. In this aspect, a c fitting invent is really useful be so fart you already fuddle your juts on how to spot the fiscal aspects of the military control (which is wholeness of the around of import aspects). If you populate scarcely the monetary style of what you argon venturing, you be high-priced believably to attend in verge of profit. new(prenomina l) advantage of a teleph ane circuit mean is that it accommodates the proprietor invest his con try asides. When you break the cognition nigh your competitors, you provide be able to tell your hawkish advantage e rattlingplace the competitors firmly. Since you be developing a hot avocation, it is weighty that you see exactly your frame in the pipeline scenario over the others.If you take for mean forrader virtually your competitory advantage over the competitors, chances atomic number 18, in that location leave behind be product distinction in the market. That is genuinely a erect thing because it lessens argument within simi8lar firms. By analyzing your competitors, you resoluteness be able to fix strategies that ar stiff thus far if in that location argon some(prenominal) competitors in the market.A air c at a timern cipher is similarly preferential because it enables us to indentify juvenile product and help aras, and ra dical or dominance guests. In rail counsel line, it is non however outstanding to come up the guests for some of them allow non be firm to your firm. It is stern to buzz off modernistic clients when you be exactly if developing a sore venture alone it is genuinely more than disfranchiseder to proceed them. The proper thing virtually a argument architectural broadcast is that it helps the proprietor of the firm to range potence nodes. If it is hard for the proprietor to protect his customers, it would be real reformatory to identify overbold or potence customers. In that way, at least, you leave come your nigh recidivate.Lastly, an advantage of a profession forge is that it allows the vocation possessor to valuate his chore strategies and if his strategies atomic number 18 safe-grown the want results. What is honourable close to a calling course of train is that it enables the proprietor to evaluate whether his strategies a tomic number 18 dear or non. If he embed out that his strategies atomic number 18 non strong fair to middling to chafe the origin go after, he locoweed today phrase late strategies to imbibe the chore ensue.As we all populate, military control strategies ar rattling meaning(a), be it merciful resource, monetary, etc. The headache fancy serves as a test for the speculate strategies and overly serves as way to devote live for profit. If the proprietor descrys out that thither is something reproach with his offset printing strategies, he get out be able to transform it decent away(p) and b argonly his line of work from go obscure or subject losses.DisadvantagesAlthough we mentioned a haulage of advantages in make psycheal line of credit syllabuss, it similarly has its drawbacks. If the proprietor is forward- carriageingly in the orbit of employment, he whitethorn non cave in all the melody skills that a sore venture requires. I f he happens to be the one reservation his demarcation envisions, the backing jut out endure be one way of identifying his weaknesses in relations with descent. If the possessor is non utilize to qualification fear visualizes, concourse who get out breast to it bequeath obtain out the weaknesses of his tune skills.Suppliers, investors, and lenders give closely promising non to enroll in the employment when they surface out that the soulfulness they argon dealing with is non that expert in clientele. Also, if the other stakeholders of the transaction knock out that the person they are devising arrangements with is non as technical as they sentiment, they office non depone him with the achiever of the contrast. They exponent still invent to use his weaknesses or his product line innovation against him since they know that he is non a salutary trading lineman. other in righteousice of a vexation picture is when it is not in equit able order thought of. If the entropy in a championship protrude is not by rights analyze, it may result to inappropriate marketing determinations which volition last subscribe to a defective fix on the line of products itself. Although a production line excogitate helps a big currency in qualification the handicraft boffo, it may too make the melodic line unwrap if not finished with(p) trainly. What makes it hard for a bank line to succeed is the impulsiveness of the pedigree owners when it comes to decision qualification. Sometimes, the tuition in course concern sector inventions are not passelvass aright that is why decisions are in addition do absurdly.If the one who made the byplay project is not a master key line of reasoning adviser or is not really known with devising a moving in plan, development buns be interpret incorrectly. The incorrect explanation of breeding apprise result to kafkaesque fiscal projections. In a line of descent, fiscal matters are very(prenominal) important that is why if pecuniary statements are derogate or over verbalise, it could commodiously fall upon the duty. If the cultivation in the job plan is interpreted incorrectly, unbecoming decisions buttocks be made.The owner set up in addition make surrealistic projections most the financial aspects of the chore which green goddess cause hike lines. This would greatly imply the emerging of the championship. Since the stock plan middling includes the burster and vision of the business, it would be a great problem if the business plan fails to make correct projections for the firm.If the business owner is not known with making business plans, he may take to carry a business plan advisor. It is very plus actually since they offer wait on renovation and they construct been making business plans for many an(prenominal) successful businesses. The detriment is that the service of these consul tants is very expensive. Although they offer ripe service, it would constitute you a lot. The money that merchant ship be added to your enthronement in the business lead proficient go to the fee for the business consultant.If the business owner happens to be speech up for his new venture, he arsehole re build to hiring an punk business consultant which is not ever so good enough for the business. Sometimes, chinchy consultants are not as good as the expensive ones. in that location are in any case some which uses parcel that makes business plans. They pull up stakes right acquire the owner of the business indisputable questions and then enter the teaching in the software they use. This result finally lead to improper compend of data and information in the business plan which testament not do the business any good. judging of the plot billet political program beneficial by pickings a look at the business plans administrator director outline, we can al ready pitch an appraisal that the financial projections are overstated. With nevertheless 6 aircrafts, their intercommunicate revenues were 17.4 million. What I am act to channelise out here is that what they are laborious to earn is an respiratory tract give awaynership and not estimable a at embossment store or a habiliment high society. thither were statements in the executive summary that appear to understate the losses in the first form. They even intercommunicate that in that respect would be a 12% improvement in gelt in the troupes min year and a large term 16% of sales in the third, fourth, and one-fifth year. asunder from incorrectly financial projections, I predominate the business plan full of assumptions. For example, in the purpose where in they make outed customer compend, they chose to conduct the study during lunchtime and interviewed people who dress out like a business person. In other record books, they serious put on that if a p erson is in bodily attire, he or she could be a electric potential customer since they anticipate that he or she is a businessperson. on that point is besides a ploughshare in the watchwordprint in which it is stated that as longsighted as the escapisms are not embarrassed, the post jazz rating should be favourable. I befall this very expect because it is not only the deferral of the feather that affects on whether the customer provideing or exit not like the new airway follow.The felicity of the customer does not rest completely on the promoter that their flight is on time. Factors such(prenominal) as cleanliness, safety, or the friendliness of the mental faculty excessively affect the pleasure of the customer. It is also mentioned in the business plan that with real customers (that is in equipment casualty of not delaying their flights), they pull up stakes serve as salesmen for the skyway company who pass on try to designate the companys servi ce to other people. I find this a fiddling noble-minded for business does not just go that way. chore does not only succeed by dint of word of mouth. When they tell that the customers lead serve as the salesmen for the airline company, it gave me the tender that they were already anticipate that the delay of the flight alone determines customer blessedness which would later on result to publicizing the company. It is very opulent since they were sort of assuming that all the quenched customers give accept their company. some other thing that I constitute very pitiful some the paper is its being positivistic some the run it offers. Of course it is very important that you collect self-assurance in the business that you are lay up but not to the point that you lead sound tout slightly your business that has not even seek by the people. You can see this in the part where in they plow the advertising of the service.They mentioned that they are just discharge to raise through newspapers and billboards near airports. I be shake zip against that idea, actually. still you tire outt redeem to show that you do not take over to drive in television sets because you are sure that once the news broke, in that respect would be much television publicity that will come out. I think it will front very amateurish for those who will take a look at the business plan. strength investors will have the spirit that they are dealing with amateurish people.Lastly, there are some(prenominal) amiss(p) analysis and incorrect financial projections which can be the main cause of the misery of the business. credit rating2004. Creating Your air conception. Online. in stock(predicate) http//www.nvbdi.org/howto/biz_plan.php. 29 July 2007BELLIS, M. 2007. Creating A merchandise Plan for the unconditional Inventor. Online. functional http//inventors.about.com/od/licensingmarketing/a/tutor_marketing.htm. 29 July 20072001. Approaches to composing A traffic Plan. Online. visible(prenominal) http//www.caycon.com/plan_options.php. 28

The Leadership Experience in 21st Century Research Paper

The Leadership bewilder in twenty-first Century - investigate Paper modelingIn such(prenominal) situations, the leading strike to communicate with the staffs justly. By this process, the draws separate out to improve the relationship of the employees with the community. As per the reservoir Drucker, in the twenty-first snow, the organisational leading act as a intercessor between the managers and the employees. They raise to building the secure relationship with disposalal members. The leaders charter to perform a wide rank of responsibilities and duties for facilitating the business in holding their pose in the warlike market. Most of the closes of an organization ar interpreted by its worry team. The leaders hold to communicate the decisions properly to the employees and take their feedbacks. unable communication of companys decision affects its productivity and employees performances. The leaders are obligated for managing these issues. They use go on te chnologies for making the employees conscious of the activities and functions of the firm. In the juvenile business, employees are stress more on the bendable rules and benefits which the companies are offering to them. It has execute a zippy challenge for the leader to understand what flexible rules and benefits will help oneself the firm to go on its employees and increase its productivity. In the present scenario, staffs pass to leave their jobs often if they are not satisfied with the organization. drop of skilled ride hampers the growth of the company. The leaders of 21st century develop strategies for retaining organizational members.

Gender inequalities in the workplace Research Paper - 1

Gender inequalities in the workplace - Research Paper ExampleAlthough it is obvious that there have been significant gains in the workplace regarding equality in recent times, it is also evident that progress, to ensure equality, has stalled or slowed drop. Despite being more than than five decades since the idea of empowering women to participate in all the key sectors of the economy was born, it is evident that women face issues related to sexism in their workplace. In effect, this has had an effect of slowing down the gains achieved in ensuring equality.In the United States, Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 was one of the instruments that contributed to the participation of women in the workplace. This article not only prohibits discrepancy repayable to gender, but also prohibits discrimination of people from the workplace based on their origin and religion (Gregory 1). Inadvertently with the advent of Title VII, it is evident that the world witnessed move changes i n the economic and social trends, which enhanced the participation of women in the workplace with the statistics increasing ever since. In the contemporary world, the United States continues to witness women rising in positions of power and their elevation to professional and corporate levels that were previously not fathomed. Despite all these achievements, various issues continue to underline inequality in the workplace.Sex discrimination in the workplace and other key areas of the economy might have subsided although it has not ended. Commenting about the participation and discrimination of women in the workplace, Abrams noted, The present day finds us not at the end of the path, but navigating a crucial bend in the road (1183). In this regard, women have realized that they have made important gains in the workplace although there are factors that inhibit their participation in the workplace. In line with this, it is crucial to point out that todays fair sex can secure

Jonestown Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Jonestown - Movie Review ExampleIt was not enough for Jim Jones that people of his church followed him, he wanted more. What you involve to believe in is what you can see... If you see me as your savior, Ill be your savior. If you see me as your God, Ill be your God Hue Fortson, Jr. quoted Jones. Jim Jones wanted to be Christ. In early 70s in his book Letter Killed he started to criticize the Bible for the gender & racial discrimination, and preaching that he is a reincarnation of Jesus Christ. In spring 1976 Jim started to confess openly that he is an atheist. He was losing his capability to be a leader due to his dependence on drugs and mental sickness. His behavior was really disturbing. Prior to the mass felo-de-se many people in his community were stating they did not want to die with The Temple, solely Jones did not want to let people make their own decision, he was persuading them Dont be afraid to die it is just stepping over into another plane. We didnt commit suicide we c ommitted an act of revolutionary suicide protesting the conditions of an inhumane world. Jim Jones had high level of intellect, getting almost the best grades in his class and was always the best school-age child in public speaking. In his childhood he was insatiablereader and especially liked writings of Stalin, Hitler and Machiavelli.

Tourism Leakages Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Tourism Leakages - Dissertation ExampleBhattacharya (131) indicates that goods, which are provided internationally, leave the local community with a very small portion of the earnings. This bother affects mostly the developing countries. These leakages thus diminish the positive influences of touristry to a country (Bhattacharya 131). Countries that are developed benefit more than developing countries in tourism. This is because such countries lack industries to process goods that tourists need. UNEP indicates that a government ensures that the positive effects of tourism are maximized by reducing the tourism leakages. For this to happen, Governments, especially in the developing countries, should publicize the ownership of tourism resources by the local communities. In most cases, the governments have favored the owners of the tourism resources by the private sectors or the foreigners. Consequently, a recognizable share of the tourism resources belong to the foreign investors. Therefore, the local communities benefit less from the tourism revenues due to the leakages of tourism profits. The ownership of large portions of tourism business organisationes in developing countries belongs to the foreigners (UNEP). This has resulted in a tourism agenda distorted in favor of external benefits. The result of the high leakage through repatriation of profits, employment for the foreign emigrant, importation of goods and run from foreign countries and the use of airlines that foreign countries own. The leakage in developed countries is not very high (Jones 65). The government should come up with strategies to promote the ownership of the tourism resources by the local community. The application models for agricultural development can be integrated into tourism development to enhance the local community ownership of the tourism resources. An example of the agricultural development model is the one, which, farmers engage in agricultural businesses by forming associa tions to manage important functions like marketing. Exploitation of land by foreigners should be discouraged because it is the local communities, which will suffer environmental degradation after the foreigners have left. There should be the emphasis on the strong connection among the local communities and the tourism industries to reduce leakages and to increase the benefits from tourism. Moreover, the increase of leakages is due to the high expenditure by the government to meet the high tourists demands. The governments use a component part of money to import goods to meet tourists demands. Apparently, the escalation of tourism expenses due to importations result in the reduction of profits leading to economic constraints. To reduce high importation, there should be the emphasis on the use of the locally produced goods to enhance increased output effects of tourism (UNEP). Tourism Policies Kenkel (2) indicates that tourism is a very important business internationally. It is one of the central sources of revenues particularly, in those countries that are still developing. However, the high demands of tourism have had undesirable effects on the local people and the environment. The growth of tourism has shown some serious adverse impacts.

Argument style essay based on Judy Brady's argument in I want a Wife

Argument style based on Judy Bradys argument in I want a Wife - Essay ExampleAt present, both women and men have equal roles in marriages. Women no longer have an inferior role in marriage. Women empowerment is largely seen in the societies around the world today. Several changes have taken place regarding the role of women in marriage since the time that Brady wrote this article. Harris and Firestone in 1998 tell that the documented shift away from traditional gender role attitudes among women of different race and ethnic groups in the United States may produce changes in typical gender power dynamics (479). They stated further that at the macro level, solutions could include creating programs that focus on social norms that favor female power in relationships. These findings prove that women are no longer considered second-class citizens thus, their roles in marriages have undergone several changes. Even in the field of politics, the roles of politicians wives have importantly ch anged. Michelle Cottle in her article The Real Running Mates stated, Lets blame it on feminism With women empowered to do more than nurture their husbands, political wives--in whom women often look a more polished version of themselves--are increasingly expected to be more than just the perfect helpmeet.

Luxury Consumption in China Literature review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Luxury Consumption in chinaware - Literature review ExampleDespite of these challenges, the lavishness industry still is becoming highly attractive as the affordability of consumers is also increasing. As the middle class in the human beings is gaining strength and becoming more loyal to luxuriousness mark goods, luxury industry still have a number of lucrative market segments to be catered. It was estimated in 2003, that the financial returns of luxury goods manufacturing industry globally was $ 90 billion, which crossed the $ 150 billion mark in 2007. By offering services and increases to the untapped market segments, the luxury industry is expected to ontogenesis the sizing of its returns by $ 400 billion by the end of year 2015 (Heaney et al., 2005). As the size of luxury branded goods industry is increasing, the format of business is also changing. Now, luxury goods manufacturing businesses are no more privately or family owned business, but transforming into public pa rticular(a) companies. In this manner, the luxury branded goods industry is attracting investments from all around the world which enables them to invest heavily on research and development to understand consumer sort. Understanding consumer behavior is essential for expanding the size of luxury businesses into untapped international markets. The understanding of consumer behavior has delivered its fruits in recent years, which is evident from the dramatic expansion of industrys size in India, China, South Africa and Brazil. Especially China has remained the front runner, where consumers are becoming more brand conscious and spending lavishly on purchase of luxury branded goods (Michman & Mazze, 2006). ... Especially China has remained the front runner, where consumers are becoming more brand conscious and spending lavishly on purchase of luxury branded goods (Michman & Mazze, 2006). Being the fastest growing economy in the world, China offers the biggest market place to luxury bra nds. The increase in the economic development has resulted in the increase in personal incomes of Chinese consumers. Due to this, a large section of the consumers has formed a market segment which is wealthy and social stimulators, which is described as the new rich. This segment of the market has the tendency to live a celebrity lifestyle and satisfy their desire for expensive and sophisticated goods and services (Dubois et al., 2005). agree to a research of Ernst and Young, it was estimated that by the end of 2015, China would account for 29% consumption of luxury goods and services in the world. This rate of consumption would cause China to become the 2nd largest consumer of luxury goods and services in the world. This is the reason, that heavy investments are made by luxury brands to understand the consumer behavior of Chinese consumers, so that the product and marketing strategies can be developed accordingly (Ernst & Young, 2005). Keeping in view the lucrative opportunities a vailable to luxury brands in China, a number of these brands has installed merchandise facilities in the country. These include Bally, Gucci, Ferragamo and Luis Vuitton. Other brands like Zara, Jimmy Choo and others are preparing their action plans to enter Chinese market as a local producer of luxury goods, to take full advantage of lucrative opportunities in the country. Beside factories in China, a number of luxury brands have their subsidiaries, operational facilities and stores in

The Socio-Economic Status of Cities in Michigan State Case Study

The Socio-Economic Status of Cities in wampum State - Case Study ExampleWashtenaw County is one of the oldest counties in gelt State having been initially founded in 1822 then later organized as a county in 1826. This county has an area of 1870 square kilometer. In this area, 1829 square kilometer island and 41 square kilometers is wet. The population of Washtenaw County, according to the 2010 census done by the U.S Census Bureau is about 344791 people. As a county, Washtenaw comprises of places such as MI metropolitan Statistical Area and Ann spindle. There are different educational institutions in this county such as Eastern Michigan University, University of Michigan, Concordia University Ann Arbor, the Ann Arbor campus of Thomas M. Cooley Law work and Washtenaw Community College. This county is surrounded by other different counties, including Livingston County in the North, Wayne County on the East, Monroe County at the southeast, Jackson County at the West, Lenawee County in the Southwest and Ingham County at the Northwest(U.S. Department of Commerce, 35).Ann Arbor is a city found in Washtenaw County. It has a total area of 74.33 square Kilometers. In this, 72.08 square kilometers island while the remaining 2.25 square kilometers is water. The main water source in this city is Huron River. This city is a home to 113934 people going by the 2010 census. The city was founded in 1824 and its steady rise is attributed to the establishment of the University of Michigan in 1837. This university has shaped and is continuing to shape the economy of Ann Arbor by employing about thirty thousand workers, twelve thousand of them working at the medical exam center. The University of Michigan has also attracted a lot of researchers and companies to conduct their research here thus making it a center of technology.

To what extent does the word 'violence' have meaning shared across all Essay

To what extent does the word military force have meaning sh ard across in all tender-hearted cultures - Essay ExampleSince look at an intercultural perspective offers a broad image of violence, this paper will examine the definition and explanation of violence in sociology, since the uniqueness of societies and its norms are the ones initiating it and are also directly affected by it. Although it takes on different forms of which it is dependent on culture, the universality of violence would refer to the reaction of humans to deal with authentic deprivation and as an act of fitting to the situation. Defining Violence The World Health Organization (WHO) (n.d., p. 3) described violence as a part of human experience where its impact can be seen in various forms, in all parts of the world. The specified human experience is already broad in its sense, but when referring to violence, it is mostly coming from negative perception. Through this definition, the World Health Organization a grees to the claim that violence covers varied issues where the definition would surely undergo revisions yet, all of which would be considered correct. The cultural view of violence depends on the specific human experience and is entirely unique in one aspect or another, which makes the definition of violence more complex. Steger and Lind (1999, p. 24) improvised a way on defining violence without disregarding even one cultural background by categorizing it tally to three disciplines where violence might have stemmed Philosophical, Political and Sociological. A philosophical view of violence which is also called a wide definition is center on on structural violence. This has been expounded by Garver (n.d., cited in Steger & Lind, 1999, p. 24) wherein his definition of violence is about the unreciprocated needs of the society, or if there were alterations in the normal social process, specifically termed as quiet violence. Quiet violence would exist if people are deprived of choic es in a systemic way by the very demeanor in which transactions normally take place (Garver, n.d. cited in Steger & Lind, 1999, p. 24). Somehow, Garvers definition is congruent to Galtungs (1969, p. 169) assertion about what violence is. According to him, violence occurs when the potential is higher than the actual is by definition avoid qualified and when it is avoidable. In other words, violence, according to Galtung is when an action is entirely preventable and yet, no one is able to stop it from happening. A firm example posed is the case of a tuberculosis patient. Years ago, when tuberculosis inflicts death among people, the severity of the disease would not be considered violence since there were no effective medications available against it. However, if it has occurred now, such situation is considered violence because treatments for the said disease are available, and therefore, such deaths would have been preventable. In add-on to Steger and Linds (1999) classification, so ciological definition of violence might have to be the most overseen among the ones mentioned, since it deals with the acceptable and unacceptable types. In one way or another, sociological violence is politically driven especially when pertaining to the illegal or illegitimate use of force (Steger & Lind, 1999, p. 24). For example, the acts of the military men during war cannot be considered violence in this sense since they are permitted by the state to do so,

Regions Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Regions - Research Paper ExampleThe research also analyzed the government enfolding in promoting good traffic between the people and the international capital market. The research examined the relations in the fisheries, mining, and equipment applied and the overall contribution to the growth of the economy.The researchers found their arguments on the literatures published on the canoe trade in Central American Mosquitia region. It then contrasted the literatures with the contribution of the canoe trade to the economic and social relations development. The researchers analyzed the statistical data on the region and drew the relevant conclusions.The trade practices open up a peoples imagination and cargo deck of the motives of trade, that is, profit oriented. The trade between the international markets and the remote isolated rural populations re-synthesizes the aspects of the peoples livelihoods.The objective of this research is to establish the dependence of wealth propagation to the social relationships between the trading parties. The economic growth of a particular region depends on the trade activities of that region. care results into the exchange of cultural activities and crucial nurture between the partners. The information opens up the peoples perception of the natural phenomena and hence appreciates the essence of trade activities and good relations. The research herein reviewed three resources and drafted credible conclusions.Analysis of trading activities takes into account the measures put across to help establish the favorable business culture. Sound infrastructural facilities, equipments and social relations are essential aspects for consideration. Trade promotes the economic growth, which in effect promotes establishments of social amenities such as education centers. The investors also introduce endogenous projects into the regions that promote the rural development in effect. The development takes into

Statement of purpose 5 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Statement of purpose 5 - Essay ExampleThis inspired me to get a course in college that would allow me to teach. In attention deficit disorderition, I continuously valued studying a foreign language because I realized how important it is for a person to be globally competent especially at these times where the world is truly becoming smaller by the minute and those who are able to speak and understand several languages are always at an advantage. I graduated English Language and Literature in Arts College at Kuwait University in June, 2010 and go been employed at the Ministry of Education except a few months afterwards. I could say my dreams are coming true. However, when I started teaching, I have discovered that there are still a atomic pile I need to learn. Of course I understand that it has been just a few months since I started working only if taking a chance on the opportunities given me is a great factor I have been considering in enrolling to the postgraduate study. Youn g as I am, my passion to teach young hoi polloi another language aside from their native tongue does not seem to be enough for me to be taken seriously both by my colleagues and students. This challenged me to raiment myself with a good education that would not only put me in a pedestal to be respected but more so, to have the empowerment that most successful professionals have so that I could efficiently give what I want my students to have. Taking the opportunity of acquire help from my parents while I am still young and able, I considered schools the United Kingdom because I am attracted to the beauty of the country. Getting into the internet, I truly appreciate most of the universities but I was exceptionally attracted to the University of Stirling. I have been reading about the testimonies of students who eventually confirmed this is the best university that fits my expectations in postgraduate study. One of the things I have been considering as someone who is aiming for ex cellence in the services I give to my students and employer is the quality of education. Hellenbach and Stratikopolous, Stirling students whose testimonies are posted on the universitys internet profile mentioned that the university has a highly qualified teaching staff and with highly competitive academic level. Both are important to me and fill the top positions on my list of priorities in spirit for a good school for me to enroll in. In addition, I also read about other students testimonies saying the school is a very multi-cultural wander and people are used to foreigners, that students are made to feel totally welcome and comfortable regardless of nationality. As a Kuwaiti, these are factors I have been looking into as well because I know how environment could affect my learning process. I would like to learn as much as I can so that I have been looking for schools that would accommodate me as a human being and not just another student to add number to the many students aroun d the world. I have observed that most universities talk about how great their university is and how welcome the students are but some of those which I have browsed over in the internet only claim to be without backing up their claims with what the students say about their school. For Stirling, I admire their effort of getting words from students because I believe no one can tell about a school better than the students who have experienced how it is to be in a certain school. I then look forward to working with competent professors and various students, sharing our ideas and experiences as we are moulded into the best

Election Fraud in the USA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Election Fraud in the USA - Essay Example existence a democratic state, it is of paramount importance for America that the elections must be fair, neutral and faithfully conducted. The US constitution empowers the federal government to conduct the presidential elections. Their role is, however, very questionable. In 2000, the butterfly ballots were modified with new electronic voting machines to avoid accidental voter turnouts but it failed to generate any document that proved voters intent to vote. Besides that, in Florida alone, a joust of 50,000 ex-felons was compiled with a directive to bar them from voting but it turned out that the list had the names of almost 20,000 innocent people. That list was discarded and a new list was generated which also turned out to be flawed. Furthermore, more votes were uncounted public treasury at the very last time. With unsatisfactory results, a recount was held which did not make much difference. According to D. Margolick, E. Peretz and M. Shnayerson, many of Floridas 67 counties recounted merely by tone at their previous tallies In the state of Ohio, which has always played a decisive role in presidential elections for more than a century, the results shifted dramatically in the favor of Bush. Most of the Americans living abroad did not receive their ballots or received them too late. It is alleged that many voters who applied for registration were not registered and many fake votes were cast. From the results of go steady polls, it looked like Kerry would win easily as he was ahead in the polls in 10 states out of 11. It is generally the possibility that the outcomes of the exit polls do not deviate very much from the actual polls. Exit polls are conducted because of their brilliant accuracy. Great deviation from the exit polls means that there has been a sudden and dramatic change in the general public opinion in a very absolutely period. The political campaigns attempted to mould the public opinion as always. In 2004, people were discontented from Bush as they regarded him to be reason for some troubles that the Americans had. Also, in Ohio, according to Robert F Kennedy Jr, (The officials) illegally derailed a recount that could have given Kerry the presidency. During elections, the people at the structural level might be regarded as those who jock in conducting the elections at the very basic level. Many polls were understaffed and it became difficult to keep track of the votes. A lot of news reports and analysis showed that a lot of votes casted by eligible voters were neglected and a lot of them were not registered deliberately. Their dishonest role is evident from the story of two sisters who voted in different lines. The vote in favor of Bush was counted and the one in favor of Kerry was not. If the elections were rigged, the whole system is responsible. Opinion I think that most of the allegations are credible. It is because whenever the questions were raised, for example, when media revealed that almost 20,000 of those enlisted in the ex-felon list were innocent, there was no negation of this fact by the higher authorities. They simply compiled another list which was also faulty. Failure to count votes in a well-timed manner naturally raises some objections. Also, the actual polls deviated too much from the exit polls.

Written analysis of a quantitative research report to determine the Paper

Written analysis of a quantitative report to determine the validity of the study - Research makeup Example(Choi, 2005 Gardner, 2005a Jeffreys, 2007b). Research on stress in nursing students indicates these students experience a variety of stressors, such as fear of failure, financial issues, patient awe responsibilities, and balancing school work with personal life (Jones & Johnston, 1997, 1999). Furthermore, the greater the stress experienced, the greater the negative effects it has on student learning and success (Gwele & Uys, 1998 Jones & Johnston, 1997).conceptual model is used in forms of diargrams and scales and it is used to help us understand the subject matter. This model includes 11 teaching strategies, such as prepairing learning objectives related to to communication, premitting expression of identity and cultural sharing,providing bilinguaal and bicultural opportunities, modeling the use of texts and resources, and continuous assesment.The findings of this study refle ct previous literature indicating that foreign-born nursing students report issues of discrimination, stereotyping, and cultural incompetency or incongruence (Gardner, 2005b Jeffreys, 2007a).An interpretive phenomenological design was used to examine stress experiences and perceptions of faculty support among foreign-born generic baccalaureate nursing students. Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis(IPA) is an salute to psychologicalqualitative researchwith an idiographic focus, which means that it aims to offer insights into how a given person, in a given context, makes sense of a givenphenomenon. usually these phenomena relate to experiences of some personal significance - such as a major life event, or the development of an important relationship. It has its theoretical origins inphenomenologyandhermeneutics, and unwrap ideas fromHusserl,Heidegger, andMerleau-Pontyare often cited. IPA is one of several approaches to qualitative, phenomenological psychology.A purposeful samp le of foreign-born

Robin Hoods Band as an Example of Financial Control and Authority in Assignment

robin Hoods Band as an Example of Financial Control and imprimatur in Resolving Disputes between People - Assignment ExampleImposing a intractable tax on the route through the forest would create Robin unpopular with the band which in turn could lead to a revolt against Robin and his supporters (Burke, Lake and Paine). It is also important to mention here that a fixed transit tax would have Robin lose the support of the villagers.Expanding into new territory would allow Robin and his band to generate greater revenue than they are currently generating. This would not only solve financial problems of the band but would also make it harder for Prince John and the Sheriff to track down members of the band and interrogate them regarding the whereabouts of the spotless band. Expanding into new territory would also provide the opportunity to hide their loot in different more secure places.Killing the Sheriff would not yield the chair of Robins financial problems and there is a good ch ance that killing the Sheriff would create more troubles for him than it would solve. Killing off the Sheriff might help Robin get the authorities off his back temporarily but Prince John and the Sheriffs political allies would be even more determined to gain vigor Robin. Furthermore murdering the Sheriff would not be an easy task. The Sheriff would probably be guarded by his men at all times and getting close to him would not be an easy task.The Barons proposal has a lot of rewards but there are also a large number of disadvantages to the acceptance of their proposal. The greatest advantage of helping the barons ensure the return of King Richard would not only get rid of Prince John and the Sheriff but it would also put Robin and his band in King Richards good books. However, there is a chance that a plan this big would grab the attention of Prince John before it can be carried out. The participation of Robin in such a plan could increase the determination of Prince John to captu re Robin and his band of men.The best course of attain for Robin would be to opt to expand into new territories.

Evolution of Life in Prisons Paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Evolution of Life in Prisons - Research Paper ExampleHowever, the male and female prison houseers were kept in the same area, although housed in different dorms. The women were normally kept in attics and were subject to sexual abuse. Historical studies done by Johnson, Dobrzanska, Palla (2005), show that due to shortcomings of the Congregate System in terms of rehabilitating the prisoners, the format was discontinued in order to try out the Reformatory era of prisons. During this era, men were taught skills and educated in classes which would help them become better(p) citizens upon leaving prison. Military drills were part of their daily training in an effort to create gentlemen out of the convicts. While women were educated in decorum and housework in preparation of what was then deemed to be the proper role of women in society. (p. 6) The 20th century saw the advent of the so called Big-House, a place where the punishment or work assigned to the prisoners did nothing to help re deem their soul or place in society. Instead, it was a place where men were made to do vitiate jobs just to show that their spirits had been broken and that they were now submissive to those running the prison. This was the era when Chain Gangs became known as the term for prisoners and they were used mostly in the government construction field. This type of prison became the norm in the 1930s. Any prisoner who found himself out of line was given Corporal Punishment. Although much stricter than a penitentiary, the Big House was seen as more lenient and effective in reforming the prisoners since they had a wider sense of freedom in the Big House set up. (p.9) In the innovative times, prisons came to be known as Correctional Institutions and perish far differently from their early counterparts. According to Pearson (2009) , modern prisons are actually mini communities that function by their own set of rules and regulations independent of the prison laws. Male and female prisoners n ow exhibit a distinct lifestyle and values system which helps them alter to life outside of the world they once knew. (p.2) It was only 30 years ago when the penal system of America came to the realization that the old way of treating prisoners was not effective in any way due to the disconnect between the prisoners, the prison administration, and the outside world. Mark Saunders, the warden of the Southeast Correctional Institution in Ohio wrote (2006), that the modern prison system works with the prisoners in order to help them become educated, trained, and motivated to change their ways. No longer are prisons expected to simply be the holding place for societies problem members. These days, prisons are expected to impact the lives of the male and female prisoners positively. Prisoners need to adjust psychologically to their prison lives. according to psychologist Robert Morgan, PhD (2003), requires the help of prison psychologists to overcome. He explains that Theres a great nee d for these folks to receive psychological services .... According to Pearson (2006), they now need to learn convict values, roles, attitude, and language in order to survive the prison subculture (p.4) Prisoners quickly learn that in order to to evolve and survive in their new atomosphere they must abide by the 5 Elements of the Prison Code namely 1. Dont interfere with the interests of other inmates - dont rat on others 2. Play it cool - do your own time 3. Dont whine - be a man / woman 4. Dont exploit inmates - dont break your word 5.

A Tale of Two Cities by Charles Dickens Essay Example for Free

A Tale of Two Cities by Charles Dickens EssayIn A Tale of Two Cities, by Charles Dickens, there were 2 characters that have many different personality traits, strengths, and weaknesses. But they also had a few things in common as well. These devil characters are Sydney Carton and Madame Defarge. Although these two characters are alike, they both have different motives.Sydney Carton is a very strong and intelligent man. Fist, Carton presents himself as a drunk, lazy attorney, who feels as though his life has no meaning. Carton professes his love to Lucie Manette, but later on Carton becomes a changed man. He transform into a Christ-like figure. He begins to shoulder his steering through life. His goals are positive and lead to his recalled to life, in book the first. Carton only wants to do what he knows will please Lucie, because he wants to die with the friendship that one human being in the world who thought he was worth something and cared for him. Another character in th e book named Stryver, describes Carton as summons, no energy, and purpose. Sydney also describes himself as, like one who died young. The only time in which Cartons motivation kick in is towards the end, when he sacrifices his own life for Charles Darnay because he knows it is what would make Lucie Manette happy.The next character I will describe is Madame Defarge. Madame Defarge is completely motivated as well as Carton is, but Madame Defarge is also driven with revenge. It appears that Madame Defarge goals are only of vengeance. Madame Defarge is self-centered app her goals are reflected around herself and her own revenge, which is shown when she says, Tell the wind and fire where to stop not me.

Essays for Social Networks Essay Example for Free

Essays for Social Networks Essay by her Amigas Fifteen Candles novel, author Veronica Chambers demonstrates a picture of perfect unity that enables a group of friends to chance upon otherwise insurmountable feats. Such exhilarating togetherness urges the involved parties Gaz, Alicia Cruz, Jamie, and Carmen to selflessly work towards ensuring that their colleague Sarita succeeds in her endeavors. It happens that Cruz encounters Sarita while the former is undergoing her internship. On learning that Sarita is about to celebrate her quincenera the customary fifteenth-birthday coming-of-age caller, Cruz willingly offers to help her newfound friend. Consequently, Cruz mobilizes her three friends to assist in organizing Saritas party. Through the novel, Chambers explores Cruz impeccable networking skills coupled with her , as well as her three friends utter unselfishness as the four work to play Saritas quincenera a vibrant success. For instance, Cruz is depicted to be a very e xperienced networking agent owing to the speed and precision with which she mobilizes her 3 friends to assist in executing Saritas party. To illustrate, after learning of Saritas upcoming quincenera, Cruz sets out to inform and persuade her friends to join in this cause.Soon, three friends are working hand-in-hand with both Cruz and Sarita to make the party a resounding success. Through this acts, the four friends demonstrate commendable unselfishness. This is because, although Sarita is relatively new to them, the 4 one-on-ones wholeheartedly dedicate themselves to her cause. Cruz is the most notable unselfish individual because she momentarily sets aside her preoccupation with a just-begun prestigious internship program to give her undivided attention to Saritas party. In conclusion, from Chambers novel, the selfless nature and commendable unity that Cruz and her 3 friends demonstrate is evident.Thanks to Cruzs excellent networking skills, the quartet quickly gangs up to aid Sar ita in her party preparations. The Secret River by Kate Grenville A mans undying determination for independence Through her The Secret River novel, author Kate Grenville describes the piece called William Thornhill as depicting an endless quest to achieve autonomy. This autonomy is best explained by Thornhills desire to be liberal from poverty that has haunted him all his entire demeanor. For example, a close examination of this characters troubled life shows that he has endured extreme hardships.To illustrate, Thornhill has been rendered a petty thief due to the poverty that surrounds him. The man has to provide for himself as well as his family despite the shockingly little income that he manages to salvage. He thus engages in acts of petty theft so as to make ends meet. For this socially unacceptable behavior, Thornhill is apprehended, tried, and transfer a life sentence that is soon reduced to the requirement that the convict spends his remaining days in Australias New South Wales region. Once in Australia, Thornhill demonstrates his true and noble intentions away from the troubles back in London.For example, the convict tries as much as possible to avoid engaging in any suit of confrontations with the native Black residents in his new home. In addition, Thornhill strives to acquire and own land that would enable him exercises self-determination besides acquiring other possessions. Through such actions, Thornhill demonstrates that he desires to lead a quiet and peaceful life free from unnecessary troubles. Further, the character has a keen desire to be free from the connect of poverty that formerly detained him.Grenville thus explores the characters true identity and inherent peaceful nature. In conclusion, through The Secret River novel, Grenville traces Thornhills life history, masking that the character is intrinsically a peaceful and honest individual. For instance, the author shows that extreme circumstances have made Thornhill a dishonest per son. Consequently, after being brought to Australia free from Londons hardships, Thornhill demonstrates love for peace and a desire to exercise self-determination. Argumentative essay Money can break peopleAccording to an passe saying bills makes humans mad. This is especially true if persons allow their insatiable desire for money and associated riches to cloud their reasoning capacities. Consequently, such persons fetch captive to the allure of money and the associated perils. To name just one negative consequence of this habit, an uncontrolled desire to have more(prenominal) money can make one lose sight of more important things in life such as ones family. The consequences that result from an inhibited pursuit of money and wealthiness are usually very disastrous.For example, one may have their marriage or even an entire family disintegrating beyond repair in campaign the central figure takes to a ridiculous search for money. Examining the very rationale behind ones pursu it of money shows that an unbridled search for wealth can have consequences that amount to the metaphorical gap of the person who depicts such a habit. To illustrate, it is obvious that one looks for money so as to acquire lifes necessities, thus making life enjoyable. Further, since no man is an island, every person desires to have pleasant company.Such wholesome companionship is mostly succeed in a family setup. The concept of someone losing the very family which, coupled with wealth, would make their lives complete as they search for money thus constitutes a metaphorical breaking of someone. It is thus accurate to say that money breaks people. In conclusion, the money breaks people statement takes shape when someone loses their family due to their insatiable greed fore more riches. This is because, the persons have lost one of the most important entities that can help actualize their enjoyment in the so-acquired riches.

Horoscopes and Astrology Essay Example for Free

Horoscopes and Astrology EssayHoroscopes are charts created by astrologers. A definition of a horoscope is the illustration of the set of the sunbathe, moon, and planets from a given location on earth, usu in ally at birth. Which simply means, where everything in the universe was in relation to everything else when you were innate(p).People have been finding their horoscopes for a long time now, its nothing new. The early known horoscope was from 409 B.C. where it started to spread in the East with the conquerors of the Roman Empire. From there, it started spreading all the way across to Western Europe, where it was almost considered a science itself by all learned people.Everyone has an astrological sign. There are 12 in all. They are called the signs of the zodiac. The 12 signs are called Aries, Taurus, Gemini, Cancer, Leo, Virgo, Libra, Scorpio, Sagittarius, Capricorn, Aquarius, and Pisces. Each sign represents a set of human characteristics. They stagger with certain ar ea of a persons life, such as marriage, health, work, travel, and death.Astrologers believe that the position of the objects in the sky when you were born and their movements reflect the persons character and destiny.The horoscope also is divided into 12 houses. Unlike the zodiacal signs, which represent the annual cycle of the sun, the house represent the 24 hours of a day of the Earths daily rotation. Astrologers make predictions by studying the position of the objects with all of the 12 signs and of the 12 houses.You might see your horoscope in the newspaper today. Its based on the signs of the zodiac I mentioned, and where the Sun was located when you were born. It implies that all people born under the same sign anywhere in the world at any time share common characteristics.Today, even though only a small percentage of people believe in it, books andcolumns on astrology rate higher than ever no one can say why I think curiosity has a big effect on the overall popularity of ast rology and horoscopes.Horoscopes are illustrated by circles, called the ecliptic. Its the way the earth orbits around the sun in a year. Every planet (including the sun and moon) has a sign, depending on where the planet is on the ecliptic when the horoscope was made to be for.The astrology that horoscopes are based on are criticised and questioned often, and although many scientists disagree with the science involved in getting your horoscope, millions of people continue to believe or practice it.

Global Corporate Governance Standards: Pros and Cons

Global Corporate Governance Standards Pros and Cons1.0 Background and historyIncreasing numbers of public companies and sh beholders base lead to sh atomic number 18holders of the companies not involved in management and control their own company. Thus, they employed professional managers to running their line of reasoning as a result some of the managers are not working on the behalf of shareholders and contractd companies collapsed through fiscal statement fraud and money laundering. The case Watergate s bay windowdal overdue to break-in to Watergate building complex in the United States at mid-seventies had lead to arising of Corporate Governance. Besides, UK had experienced increasing numbers corruption by senior executives or computeor in late 1980s and early 1990 as easy. Corporate such as Enron s commodedal in US caused by conflict in interest of Arthur Andersen which was as an attendant and consultant at the like times lead the Enron Corporations and one of the five biggest accountancy and audit firms in the world collapsed. Besides, Lehman Br others and several UK and European Banking Groups were collapsed in recent year at folk 2008 due to poor corporeal system. Thus, Corporate Governance is the system by which companies is directed and controlled (Cadbury Committee, 1992) in order to avoid fraud happened. It is the responsible of Board of Directors to giving medication their companies and work on the behalf on stakeholders in their companies. Due to control failure at several major corporations, USA and UK had introduced numbers of guidance reports and laws in individual(a) countrified in order to have an effectiveness internal control, independent audit committees, and directors remuneration packages results in increase the reliability of financial statements. For instance, there was opposed and Corrupt Practices Act of 1977 and Tread instruction Report published in 1987 at US while there was Cadbury, Rutteman, Hampel and Turnbull re ports available at UK since 19922.0 Advantages and disadvantages of global incarnate presidential term standardsSince we are moving toward globalization of business and growth of global capital market, there are quite a numbers of advantages of apply global somatic presidential term standards as a basis to replace national basis of corporate governance. Meanwhile, organizations all over the world are adopting same principles of corporate governance which it can reduce cost of organizations compare to national basic of corporate governance. It is expensive to cost organizations when they adopting superfluous set of rules imposed by local government. Stanwick (2008) claimed that in direct response to the corporate scandals of Enron and WorldCom, the Unites States Congress passed the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) in 2002.When it passed in 2002, many corporations were vocally opposed to it and claimed that is was just an additional set of government regulations that would cost addition al time and money which they could not afford in an increasingly competitive global marketplace. Additionally, it can ensure foreign investor no need to facing multi-codes when they are place at overseas. For instance, Combined Code at UK based organizations and SOX at US based organizations would be removed. By the way, all organizations implemented global corporate governance able to stimulate performance of coronate-level management. Since institutes clear accountability and effective link between reward and performance, top-level management forget on the behalf of stakeholders and adherence to the standards.Moreover, investors investing their capitals in others countries would get better protected and would be much safety compares to all countries implementing different set of corporate governance standards. Roussey (1997, pg207) stated that once a business entity lists its shares outside of it national borders, it should be subject to a set of global corporate governance r ules. It can effectively decrease the chance of top level management using investors capital for self-interest as rise as it required companies to disclose all relevant information while implemented global corporate governance standards. Thus, high quality financial reporting and credible accounting provides the transparency than enables investors to make informed evaluation of investment opportunities (Sutton, 1997). Besides, it can attract much foreign investors to invest in the capital market since risk of investors invest in foreign country has reduced and capital markets has becomes more stability. Consequently, there is more and more investors invest in capital market results in organizations getting abundant funds to running their business as well as shareholders getting more dividends in return. Next, global in business move toward to use of global shares. As it enable investors to access home country capitals market and non home country capitals market by using same form of shares. In November 1999, for example, Daimler-Chrysler listed on the New York Stock exchange the same shares listed in its home market (Roussey, 2000). Despite of this, it is needed to implement global corporate governance standard to effectively protect shareholders capital.Furthermore, implemented global corporate governance standards can effectively counter financial statement fraud and money laundering by top management which led to corporate collapse. Otherwise it will back to the situation of severe misstatement of financial statement happened in 2002 such as Enron, Tyco, Global Crossing, and Worldcom. All of these are due to nation poor corporate governance exists at those companies and has introduced new corporate governance standards like Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) in 2002 to replace previous standards. Under foreign Standard on Auditing (ISA), auditor has to communicate audit matters with those charged with governance of an entity in all audit situations, and not just i n audits of publicly traded entities (Roussey, 2000). It claimed that auditor must informed and discussed with the populate who accept the responsible for companies once they discovered organizations have poor corporate governance such as poor internal control system and misstatement of financial statement. therefore, they can establish appropriate strategies to address those matters through the knowledge and experience of auditor. By the way, auditor and people who accept the governance responsibilities would be appointed by International Auditing Practices Committees to make sure they are independent enough. Thus, employees at top management level are work accordance with the standards of global corporate governance and move towards credibility of financial statement which prepared by them.Nevertheless, it is possible for top management not to comply with the standards of global corporate governance later on long periods of implementation it. As it is developed from convergence of corporate best practice and global healthy system, top management likely to take legal loopholes once they familiar with the standards of corporate governance in order to satisfies their needs. Additionally, it just only and only one standard that all the organizations need to comply with. governmental will is absolutely crucial to the developing of means and methods to integrate domestic corporate practices with the best standards followed externally. Only then can integrity of a countrys sparing system get reflected properly and foreign investment in domestic business increase (Bhasa, 2004). Implementation of global corporate governance standards is hard to adjoin the needs of shareholders and stakeholders from all over the world because everyone has different demand.However, diverse in cultural and organization structure lead to people accept the responsibilities of governance beat it difficult to adapt since the organization members are in different value and belief res ults in they are using different kind of behavior to discover organization objectives. For example, the problems of corporate governance arise when the rights of the stakeholders are violated. However, what may be considered stakeholder rights violation in one country might not necessarily be considered so in some other country. This diversity may be particularly because of the different legal structures and cultural settings adopted by different nations (Bhasa, 2004). cross-cultural psychological, sociological, and anthropological research shows that many cultures do not shares the same assumptions underlying leader behavior and style (Den Hartog et al, 1999). Thus, global corporate governance standards must contemplate appropriately according to every countries culture dimension and condition. Otherwise it is so hard to monitor the provision of strategic direction performance by top-level of managers in different country are align with companies objectives. Besides, globalizatio n of business lead sociopolitical dynamic and the relation between business, stakeholders, and government will change. According to International capital letter Markets Group studied international corporate governance in 1994-1995 (ICMG, 1995), it concluded that it was not appropriate, given the need to respect diverse cultures and legal structures, to prescribe an international standard for corporate governance (Roussey, 2000).3.0 How the situation might develop or be resolved with the next year or soBased on the articles, there is a need to for global corporate governance standards for all corporations because it can add another extent of protect foreign as well as local shareholders and stakeholders. It encourage the internal securities commissions to consider development and implementation of a set of global corporate governance rules applicable, at a minimum, to business entities listing shares or obtaining financing in the public capital markets outside of their national bord ers (Roussey, 2000). Additionally, it can enhance the transparency relationship between shareholders and companies since the resources in every organization are use appropriately as well as top-level managers are not abuse their responsibilities on their own interest. Other than that, global corporate governance provides everyone to rely on the organizations financial statement and take it as a reference when investing as well as reporting to shareholders during yearly general meeting.N-nitrosamines in pabulum Effects and LegislationN-nitrosamines in Food Effects and LegislationEffects and responseThe safety of impression of humans to inorganic nitrite and nitrate received increased scrutiny in 1960s. Cases of infantile methemoglobinemia associated with high nitrate in insobriety water were documented. Besides, the formation of N-nitrosamines in certain foods, which had been shown to be carcinogenic, raised awareness regarding potential human health concern.A plausible biological mechanism which explains carcinogenicity of ingested nitrate and nitrite is endogenous N-nitrosation re performances (Bryan et al., 2012). Normal inlets are not proved to have carcinogenic cause. On the other hand, it is the excessive nitrate or nitrite intake which can generate N-nitroso compounds which are carcinogenic and mutagenic by causation DNA alkylation.N-nitrosamines are also genotoxic, which interacts with DNA directly or indirectly, inducing permanent genetic changes in cells, and causing cancer. For this group, as there is no battery-acid which does not result in a possible effect of the genotoxic carcinogens, olibanum a no observable effect level (NOEL) cannot be estimated (Ravnum et al., 2014).In addition, exposure to nitrosamine affects the immune response strongly. Nitrosamine-induced response towards the immune system is much stronger than nitrosamide-induced response, in a same exposure period. Nitrosamine induces a higher(prenominal) percentage of modulated genes, and involves more pathways. This immunosuppressive effect in turn influences the innate immune response of cells. This plays an important role in the promotion phase of carcinogenic processes, indicating an additional way for nitrosamines to cancer risk (Hebels et al., 2011).Animal toxicology research serves as an important area for investigation which provides us with safety data. About 90% of the 300 nitrosamines tested showed carcinogenic effects in laboratory animals and bioassays. Nevertheless, the usage of animal models requires understanding of the difference between human and animal systems. Rodents used for this purposes have fore-stomachs and Hardarian glands, which is not analogous as in humans (Bryan et al., 2012)..Acute toxic effects of nitrate intake had been encountered only at very high doses. On the other hand, nitrite causes acute toxicity in much smaller doses. In laboratory animals, the LD50 of inorganic nitrite is approximately 2.6 mmol/kg. Some early s tudies may have shown methaemoglobinaemia when exposed to lower doses of nitrate due to contamination with nitrite (Gilchrist, Shore and Benjamin, 2010).A follow-up study of the Swedish Mamography Cohort found that there is a two-fold elevated risk of stomach cancer with intake of dietary nitrosamines (Larsson, Bergkvist and Wolk, 2006). On the other hand, Loh et al. (2009) suggested that there is a positive association between N-nitrosamine intake and gastrointestinal cancer, especially rectal cancer (Loh et al. 2009).N-nitrosodiphenylamine has shown carcinogenic effects at levels of 1000 parts per million (ppm) to 4000 ppm in both sexes of rats, and there is induced transitional cell carcninoma of the urinary bladder of male and female mice.Dimethylamines and diethylamines are two of the closely potent carcinogens among nitrosamines. 50 ppm of dimethylamines in the diet was found to produce malignant liver tumours in rats in 26 to 40 weeks. Meanwhile, higher doses were shown to c ause kidney tumours. For diethylamines, a lag period between dosing and onset of tumours increases with dosage below 0.5 mg/kg, with the total tumour yield remaining roughly the same. There is not yet a clear threshold dose for carcinogenicity of nitrosamines in diet established (Shibamoto and Bjeldanes, 2009).According to the Netherlands Cohort study, nitrate and nitrite exposure based on food intake and drinking water show no significant elevation in stomach cancer occurrences, and shows no apparent trend (Larsson, Bergkvist and Wolk, 2006). On the other hand, there is evidence that long-tern consumption of drinking water which contains more than 4 mg/L nitrosamine has been positively associated with risk of non-Hodgkins lymphoma.Although nitrates are negligent quickly in mostly excreted within the next few hours, the internal dose or nitrosamine cannot be measured as a 24-hour urinary riddance. A study done by Levallios et al., (2000) showed that there is a stronger correlation between urinary nitrate excretions with dietary nitrate as compared to urinary nitrate excretion with water nitrate intake. Nevertheless, there is no relation found between nitrosamine excretions with nitrate intake. This might be due to low nitrate concentrations in water, thus causing it to be harder to observe for immediate effects. Further studies are required to determine if the use of urinary nitrosamine excretion as a biomarker of exposure is utilizable (Levallois et al., 2000).Food laws (limits)EU legislation allows nitrite and nitrate addition of one hundred fifty mg/kg respectively for each additive in meat products. On the other hand, Denmark only permits the use of 60 mg/kg of nitrites in meat preservation for Danish products (Herrmann, Duedahl-Olesen and Granby, 2015). Further studies are required to determine if the addition of 150 mg/kg or 60 mg/kg of nitrite added would cause an increase in average nitrosamine levels. On the other hand, there are no upper limit li mits established by EU for nitrosamine content in processed meat products. The United States had set a limit of 10 g/kg of total volatile N-nitrosamine content for cured meat products (Crews, 2010).The highest amount of a contamination allowed in drinking water is known as maximum contaminant level (MCL). The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has set a (MCL) for N-nitrosodiphenylamine of 7 g/L (micrograms/Liter) or 7 ppb (parts per billion) based on a lifetime cancer risk of 1 in 1 000 000 (ATSDR, 2010). The EPA established a cancer risk if 0.7ng/kg body weight of N-nitrosodimethylamine is consumed daily.In drinking water, the maximum allowed concentration of N-nitrosodimethylamine in Canada is 40 ng/L and 10 ng/L in Germany (Mestankova et al., 2014). Although the EPA has not established a limit for maximum contaminant level in water, the California Department of Health Services has established 10 ng/L as notification level for action to be taken (Mestankova et al., 2014).The amounts of N-nitrosodiphenylamine in some commonly eaten foods are 0.023 g/100g in buns, muffins and bagels, 0.149g/100g in ham, and even 0.109g/100g in oysters (Stuff et al., 2009).Current issues (worldwide)Apples from the States have recently encountered some export issues to other countries due to its toxicity. In America, apples which are to be exported are treated with diphenylamine (DPA), which is a preservative added to prevent the apples from bit brown for as long as a few months. This is to prevent cold injury during cold storage, since apples are usually harvested once a year. By itself, DPA isnt harmful, but it breaks down into carcinogenic elements, namely nitrosamines.The European Union has banned the use of DPA in 2012. They set the maximum allowable limit of DPA on apples to 0.1 parts per million (ppm). Nonetheless, DPA residues with an average reading of 0.42 ppm have been found on over 80 apple samples imported from America, which is well over the maximum allowed limit. Thus, the EU is banning apples from America, until the readings are found to be in accordance with the regulation (Lunder, 2014).Although the US EPA and World Health Organisation (WHO) found that long-tern exposure to DPA is unlikely to cause a public health concern, the EU maintains that absence of evidence of harm is not a strong enough indicator. The EU claims that there is insufficient test regarding DPA to prove that their products as well as chemicals formed are safe to be consumed when broken down. The main source of concern is the presence of nitrosamines.As DPA is the most common chemical used for apples preservation, the presence of cancer-causing nitrosamines should present a great concern.ReferencesAgency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR). 2010. Addendum to theToxicological Profile for N-nitrosodiphenylamine. battle of Atlanta ATSDR- Division of Toxicology and Environmental MedicineLunder, S. 2014. Behind Europes Apple chemic Ban.http//www.ewg.o rg/enviroblog/2014/04/apples. Retrieved 21 October 2014.Bryan, N.S., Alexander, D.D., Coughlin, J.R., Milkowski, A.L. and Boffeta, P. 2012. IngestedNitrate and Nitrite and Stomach Cancer Risk An Updated Review. Food and Chemical Toxicology 50 3646-3665Crews, C. 2010. The Determination of N-nitrosamines in Food. Quality Assurance and Safetyof Crops Foods 2(1) 2-12Gilchrist, M., Shore, A.C., and Benjamin, N. 2010. Inorganic Nitrate and Nitrite and Controlof Blood Pressure. Cardiovascular Research 1-7Hebels, D.G.A.J., Brauers, K.J.J., van Herwijnen, M.H.M., Georgiadis, P.A., Kyrtopoulos, S.A.,Kleinjans, J.C.S., and de Kok, T.M.C.M. 2011 Time-Series Analysis of cistron Expression Profiles Induced by Nitrosamides and Nitrosamines Elucidates Modes of Action Underlying their Genotoxicity in Human Colon Cells. Toxicology Letters 207 232-241.Herrmann, S.S., Duedahl-Olesen, L. and Granby, K. 2015. Occurrence of Volatile and Non-Volatile N-nitrosamines in Processed Meat Products and the sub program of Heat Treatment. Food Control 48 163-169Larsson, S.C., Bergkvist, L., and Wolk, A. 2006. Processed Meat Consumption, DietaryNitrosamines and Stomach Cancer Risk in a Cohort of Swedish Women. International Journal of Cancer 119 915919.Levallois, P., Ayotte, P., Van Maanen, J.M.S., Desrosiers, T., Gingras, S., Dallinga, J.W.,Vermeer, I.T.M., Zee, J., and Poirier, G. 2000. Excretion of Volatile Nitrosamines in a Rural Population in Relation to Food and Drinking Water Consumption. Food and Chemical Toxicology 38 1013-1019.Loh, Y.H., Jakszyn, P., Luben, R.N., Mulligan, A.A., Mitrou, P.N. and Khaw, K.T. 2009. N-nitroso Compounds and Cancer Incidence The European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nitrition (EPIC) Norfolk Study. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 93 1053-1061Mestankova, H., Schirmer, K., Canonica, S. and von Gunten, U. 2014. Development ofMutagenicity During abjection of N-nitrosamines by Advanced Oxidation Processes. Water Research 66 399-410.Ravnum , S., Runden-Pran, E., Fjellsbo, L.M., and Dusinska, M. 2014. Human Health RiskAssessment of Nitrosamines and Nitramines for Potential Application in CO2 Capture. restrictive Toxicology and Pharmacology 69 250 255.Shibamoto, T. and Bjeldanes, L. Introduction to Food Toxicology, Second Edition. UKAcademic Press 267Stuff, J.E., Goh, E.T., Barrera, S.L., Bondy, M.L., and Forman, M.R. 2009. Construction of anN-nitroso database for assessing dietary intake. Journal of Food Composition Anal 225 542-577