Western Culture. Wal-Mart in Germany and Carrefour in South Korea Essay

Western Culture. Wal-Mart in Germany and Carrefour in South Korea - Essay Example hitherto these transnational corporations through the imposition of their own culture on the international societies fail to induce a wider acceptance in such markets. Thus in the subsequent period Wal-Mart and Carrefour both had to gain retreat from international markets like Germany and South Korea respectively. (Culture at Wal-Mart, p.68 Jung-a, 2006). Wal-Mart in Germany The retail giant, Wal-Mart based in argon in United States had expanded its achievements to gain access to international markets like Germany. so far during 2006 the multinational retail company unfortunately had to wind up its operations from the country owing to a pagan conflict. The problem with Wal-Mart operating in Germany was that it failed to adjust its operational practices based on the existing culture of the German society. The sales staffs at Wal-Mart were trained to gain nearness to the customer by pitching sales re st at a ten-foot distance to them. These people endeavored to maintain eye contacts with the customers while demonstrating their product and shared greetings and pull a face with them. withal the German people not used to such cultural paradigms misunderstood them, which created the main problem. shape up the staffs at Wal-Mart to a fault helped the food and grocery marketers with their stuffed bags. These practices were dramatically assumed to be erroneous by the German population to which the management of the company paid little attention. German people who came face to face with operation staffs at Wal-Mart busy in conducting gossips and romances totally shunned such relationships for which they started developing a negative attitude towards the company. However the management of Wal-Mart did little to change the operational practices and in rendering training to the staff in express in a likely manner with the customers. They only recruited German managers to help reduce th e cultural gap. However unfortunately such action taken by the company in gaining customer attention also failed to generate any positive responses. The company, which was also surpassed by the German retailers in terms of sales and revenue enhancement gradually, quit its operations from the country during 2006 (Culture at Wal-Mart, p.68). Carrefour in South Korea

Dunkleosteus Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Dunkleosteus - Essay ExampleThe living organisms in this classification include sharks, rays, chimearas, ray-finned fishes, and land vertebrates.The clade of Placodermi is now in extinction because of the incapacity of the organisms to survive. The Placoderm are characterized by the presence of dermal armor comprising of a tribal chief armor and thoracic armor. Their thoracic armor is apparent because the foremost dental plates forms a ring around the body and include one median abaxial plate (Janvier 3).The order Anthrodita is comprised of organisms in Placodermi which have movable joints between the armor surrounding the head and the body. The organisms belonging to this class is also distinct for their two sets of upper tooth plates, gnathal plates which are tuberculated, and large endocrinal postorbital process (Janvier 4). These structures allow the lower jaw to move down while the head shield also conjure up for a large opening.Together with their extinctions of these prehis toric armored fish, their primary characteristics of having armors which covers their entire head and some of their body.

Treasury, Foreign Exchange and Financilization Essay

Treasury, Foreign Exchange and Financilization - Essay Example& OConnell 2001) Therefore the palatopharyngoplasty of country C with respect to the US dollar is as follows Year palatopharyngoplasty of country C with respect to US dollar 2003 1.02 2004 1.01 2005 1.01 2006 1.02 2007 1.01 The inflation range for country D from 2003-2007 are as follows (Mathis, Keat & OConnell 2001) Therefore the PPP for country D with respect to the US dollar is Year PPP of country D with respect to the US dollar 2003 0.99 2004 1.01 2005 0.98 2006 0.98 2007 0.99 Thus, these were the respective inflation strides of the countries A, B, C, D and their purchasing world power parities calculated with respect to the US dollar. (b) The Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) Theory states that the exchange rate amid the currencies of two countries is in equilibrium when their purchasing power is equivalent in both the countries. Let thither be a fixed basket of legals and services and then let us determine the te rms of this common basket in both the countries. Then the exchange rate between the currencies of the two countries should be equal to the ratio of the price levels of the two nations. PPP opening as well as states that when a country is clear to inflation i.e. there is a continuous increase in the level of domestic prices of the country, there should be depreciation in the countrys exchange rate in order to restore PPP. (The University of British Columbia 2011) We can see from the data in the case study, that while country A has go by means of inflation from 2003-2007, the exchange rate of its currency with respect to the US dollar has depreciated during the uniform period (except for 2007). Thus, the PPP theory held true for country A. In country B also, as it was experiencing inflation during 2003-2007, the exchange rates of its currency with respect to the US dollar has devalued over the period (except for 2005). Thus the PPP theory held true in the case of country B also. As country C was going through a period of inflation from 2003-2007, the exchange rate between its currency and the US dollar also underwent devaluation during the same period (except for 2005). Thus, for country C also, the PPP theory held good. In the case of country D, as it experienced inflation during 2003-2007, the exchange rate between its own currency and the US dollar remained the same in 2004 but devalued after that during the successive years. Thus the PPP theory also held good for country D. Therefore, the PPP theory held good for all the countries A, B, C, D. (c) The US dollar prime lending rate during 2002-2007 was as follows Year US dollar lending prime rate 2002 4.67 2003 4.12 2004 4.34 2005 6.19 2006 7.96 2007 8.05 (Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve 2011) The

Leadership in Public Health Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5250 words

Leadership in macrocosm Health - Assignment eccentricThere is, therefore, need for the populace Health System to develop own lead theory that addresses the abstractive gaps in current leadership literature. The proposed Personal Public Health Leadership Theory is considered sufficient for open health organizations to attain the desired outcome. An evaluation plan is, however necessary to determine the effectiveness of the theory, and the quasi-experimental method is considered the most appropriate method. Overall, deficiency in leadership is still evident in the sector of Public Health today hence more effort is needed to address this major issue.Leadership is an beta aspect of Public Health. This has gained more significance in the past years, as various studies on leadership confirm the importance of leadership aspect. The sector of Public Health lacks sufficient literature on leadership. The extra look activities in this area in the field of Public Health can be conside red the major cause of this leadership literature deficiency. On the other hand, evidence shows that there is a relationship in the midst of leadership and quality of services in an organization (Farrell, 2001). For this reason, it is evident that the quality of the health care system depends on the kind of leadership practice. However, due to insufficient literature to guide leadership in the Public Sector, it means that the quality of services therein is more likely to be compromised. Therefore, this necessitates the adoption of more research on leadership in Public Health.In this paper, there is a literature review on the aspect of leadership. There are many suppositional gaps in the leadership literature that have been identified, and this is a proof of the unreliability of such literature for application in the Public Health sector. In society to, therefore, adopt an effective leadership theory for the Public Health sector, there is need to address the theoretical gaps in th e current literature.

Lobbying Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Lobbying - Coursework ExampleLobbying saves the public from such conflict of interest existing with government officials (Nownes, 2006).elected government officials have an obligation to serve the public (the people who elected them). However, lobbying comes in when such officials come forthdoor stage to benefit by twisting the law to favor the interests of a few private parties. Government officials are agents of people and, therefore, their failure to serve the public due to their conflict of interest is agent misdirection. As such, lobbying makes confident(predicate) that others interests get appropriate defense against those of corrupt persons. Lobbyists also ensure that the interests of the minority get a amusement park defense against the tyranny of the majority (Morris, Goldsworthy & Palgrave, 2008). For instance, a medical association can lobby a legislative body to increase restrictions in the laws that prevent smoking due to the increased number of people dying out sm oking effects.The complexity of the process of legislation makes lobbyists and lobbying an essential facet to all functions of the government. Government officials and legislators do not have the time as well as the knowledge to become experts on all issues of disturbance to all people in order to serve their common interest. In this regard, lobbyists educate government officials on these issues, help legislators to draft legislation, and advise the president before signing a bill into a law. Therefore, lobbyists work a vast diversity of the public interests and beliefs in the society. In some societies, lobbyists are respected as opinion leaders who tend to influence the public on which persons to vote for, during elections (Great Britain & Allen,

Classical Societies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Classical Societies - Essay ExampleThey are mostly influenced by the nature of work they produce as they are of unique and elaborate quality. According to (Hunt For,2007)Classical period of antique Greek history is fixed between 480 B.C., when the Greeks began to come into conflict with the kingdom of Persia to the east and 338 B.C., when Philip II of Macedonia with intelligence Alexander defeated the Greek. The art work of classical Greece style depicts the independent identity of homosexual beings. It also shows the freedom of movement and freedom of expression of mankind of that era. In classical Greece artwork, the artist experimented the original nature of man and artist expand themselves beyond the aesthetic boundaries. Here the artist utilized the world expressions and nature to carve out masterpieces in marble. Here ,the human figure is utilized in many an(prenominal) ways to bring out the best artistic value in them. The artwork here is project a girl who is holding doves in her hand which is a symbol of peace and harmony.Normally, this kind of art work which is carved in marble,with a girl in the portfolio is seen to be placed in Greek Cemeteries.The greek girl standing here bows her head down to the dove which symbolizes her seriousness, which is not usually seen in a a girl of her age.This artwork was sculpted around 450 and 440 B.C.

See below Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 9

See below - evidence Examplery suggests that the respectablewill, moral, and political aspect of a person depends on the contract and agreement amongst a stem of people within the society. Aristotle uses this surmisal to convince Crito to remain in prison and accept his death penalisation (Anton). Philosophy describes egoism as an intrinsic factor that should emanate from within us. Aristotle includes this concept in his theory when he states that wisdom depends on our deliberate actions, emotions, and social skills. Motivation in people occurs when they develop accredited interests and desires in life. Utilitarianism phenomenon suggests that most of the good things that happen in human lives result from being morally upright. In order to distinguish utilitarianism from egoism, we consider that maximization of the moral right behavior in respect to the good well of an individual as well as the others within the society. According to Kant, achieving happiness is luck and non wi thin our power. Aristotle fails to address this issue. However, he suggests that both practical and theoretical concepts builds on already existing phenomenon and so one cannot develop a theory from scratch. Kant expresses the same skepticism in his theory. The feminist theory tries to interrupt gender decimation. Aristotle fails to mention this concept in his work. However, his ethical definition summarizes this concept. In conclusion, Aristotle ethical theory is a master of all these theories. It summarizes all the concepts highlighted by various

Human Resources Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Human Resources - Case Study ExampleManagers can determination this form to review the performance level of accountants in creating a trust work environment. Cipolla (102) reveals that feedback can be demoralizing in case they are negative. Therefore, when completing the evaluation, human resource managers should create an employee development externalise that will lead employees towards achieving developmental goals. Organization leaders in the company can social function the 360-degree solicitude tool in determining the behavior of accountants and their competency skills, work requirements and performance objectives. These among the essential issues addressed in a company because they are beneficial issues in the performance evaluation process. Organization management would use the 360-degree tool in evaluating the way accountants perceive their engineering work. They can also examine the competency skills much(prenominal) as project planning, object settings, and effective te amwork or leadership. This is crucial because it will enable the HR managers to enforce effective strategies for improving the overall performance level.

D.H. Lawrence's 'British Family' - Mother & Son Research Paper

D.H. Lawrences British Family - Mother & Son - Research Paper ExampleEducation and proficiency in specialized arts were the only way to attain a high social position which is reflected in Lawrences own life (Spartacus). His father was an illit erate coal miner while his mother was sensibly educated. The mother therefore nursed ambitions for her children and left no stone unturned in procuring a bust education for them. The emotions and sentiments to which Lawrence must have been exposed during his childhood are therefore reflected in the structure of his scam story entitled The Rocking-Horse Winner. In this short story, the relationship as depicted by Lawrence betwixt the mother, Hester and her son, Paul shows how social pressures can rob true love from such a sacrosanct biological bond. The mother allows her aspiration for riches and better social status override the true love for her children. though leading a fair lifestyle, Hester has allowed unhappiness to creep into her hou sehold by building up an aviation where the requirement of more bullion always haunts the family. ... In her pursuit for more money she works as an artist in a studio but despite her best endeavors she fails to attain the level of winner she desires although other artists in the business are doing so. She expresses her frustration during a conversation with Paul in which her compulsion with the idea of luck gets transferred into the childs psyche. Paul, therefore starts believing that only good luck was the dress to all his problems and starts looking for it in and around the house and also by asking questions related to luck from his supposedly lucky Uncle Oscar Cresswell, and the family gardener, Bassett. Paul gets obsessed with the idea of being lucky and getting rich, which he foresees as the solution to the familys misfortunes. He starts believing that once he is rich, he can give money to his mother which would make her happy. Subconsciously, it is true love that he actua lly desires from his mother, the need for which was always felt by him as well as his siblings. D.H. Lawrence, in this story, has tried to depict a typical British family of that era which had forgotten the true meaning of family life in a bourgeois and vain society. Social rest and money preoccupied the minds of the average citizen as they tried to attain a false sense of favourable position by acquiring material wealth. In this fruitless race, mothers forgot to attend to the emotional needs of their children while their husbands toiled at work. In Pauls family, the situation has been portrayed very clearly by the author. The emotional lacuna that exists in Pauls psyche leads him to a single obsession of getting lucky which he tries to find in an inanimate object, the rocking horse

Do student's lose more than they gain in online writing class Essay

Do students lose more than they gain in online writing class - Essay Example142). Also, there is a gigantic level of dispassion created by the generic nature of these courses both in the middle of students and educator, and in the middle of the student themselves. As I would see it, there is much lost to the all all over the separation harbored by the online instructive stage. I observe that I am in concurrence with a lot of what Kiefer talks about all through her article.There is a lot of inquiries regarding whether there is as much esteem in web learning for some reasons. A standout amongst the most convincing motivations to dubiousness the viability of this technique for learning is the educator to student degree. Kiefer talks about, that instructors of composing demand that understudies are best hit to figure out how to compose most successfully when they can make and react to particular accent mark settings in little gatherings of understudies. (Kiefer, 2005 p. 146) It bodes well to say that the more pupils there are in a class, the slight individual consideration a teacher will give. Study and heading are basic in figuring out how to compose viably, and without the electrical capacity to give this to an individual premise, there is a terrific prospect of disappointment. It is likewise hindering to the educator showing the class personal inclination asks approval for our activities. Instructors are accepted to be more fulfilled in their calling in the event that they are permitted the time and capacity to interface and aid their understudies to achievement. With an online configuration, particularly in as many-sided a subject as view of, it appears that the level of trouble with this is raised exponentially with the expanded number of going to understudies. Furthermore, with constrained capacity to bad regulate singular understudies to perceive suitable written work setting, understudies are more averse to pile away a firm understanding of what they are really expected to do.To further

IRIS module Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

IRIS module - Essay ExampleAs the principal, she is held accountable for the outcome an issue that seems to have confused her, she doesnt know where to begin. The results have created trouble for the formation as could be read from Ms. Flores statement.Examination or test scores that are used to pay off sanctions or punishment in general, accolades, graduation or promotion for scholarly persons and compensations best describe what high stakes are. According to Ms. Flores, the tests were meant to be used in determining the best school at the district take and grading for students. It was an important decision knowing the best school in terms of academic effect and accountability for the school administrators. The test was also to be used for promoting students to the next level that is indicated when she categorically utter that students with disabilities are going to be left behind. These are the reasons why she (Ms. Flores) describes the examen as high stakes.High-stakes tes ting are relevant to both general students and students with disabilities. However, knowing the helplessness in a student with a disability may be difficult compared to general students (students without disabilities). The test will enable the teachers to know the weakness in the students and come up with appropriate solution to help them improve. The test helps in measuring how wellspring the students with disabilities learn therefore can be used to strengthen and improve overall academic hackneyed of the institutions.It is the responsibility of every teacher to ensure that the student get the required knowledge in the classroom. In this case, the teacher is responsible for the students performance since he/she is authorized to give the knowledge. The process of giving the knowledge to the student is done through following the accepted professional standards that meet the demand of accountability. The teachers

Workplace communication barrier Research Proposal

body of treat intercourse barrier - seek Proposal ExampleThe paper has mainly focused on the actors line barriers of Asian organizations as they language barrier has become a common part of these organizations. Language barriers ar effecting the performance of employees as well as the managers. Research methodology and data collection is also mentioned in the last of the paper. In conclusion, findings and ethical consideration is also provided. Table of Contents Abstract 1 1. unveiling 3 1.1 Working designation 3 1.2 Overview 4 1.3 Research Question 5 1.4 Aims and Objectives/Purpose 6 2.0 Literature Review 7 3.0 Research Method andMethodology 17 3.1 Data Collection 17 3.2 Design of the Study 18 3.3 Sample Population 18 3.4 Sampling Technique 18 3.5 Research Methods 18 3.6 Findings 19 3.7 Ethical Consideration 19 Works Cited 21 1. Introduction 1.1 Working Title We are living in a smatter planet where everything is now been programmed, interconnected and been made more(prenomi nal) intelligent to cope up with the fast growing changes. And this change brings a lot of new opportunities, specifically for the midsize businesses. According to Andersson (2002 168), when the organizations faced conflict between their employees, these organizations adjudge to face loss. Most of the organizations are facing challenges such as communication barriers and obstacles. But with the growth of more challenging and exceptional scale of requirement for allow for and demand, the midsize companies started to face the difficulty to meet the dispute on an overall basis. To find the solution for such infrequent challenges, the organizations has planned to increase communication and remove conflicts form the employees, so that, the organization may gain high profitability and productivity. According to Akkirman (2005 398), the organization has started work to remove the communication barriers, and carry forward the responsibility of contend the major mechanism behind the gl obal economic growth. My topic is specifically based on the communication barriers that the organization is currently facing, and this is also affecting the business of the organization. In this research proposal my discussion impart critically analyze the barriers and issues that the organizations have to face in their employees. The issues give also discuss briefly to bed the reasons wherefore the communication barriers are affecting business of the organization. This paper will also illustrate the issues that the employees have to face because of the less communication. According to the Abrell (2004 44), employees are the most important and essential part of the organization, thats why it is important to make them satisfied and happy with the policies and strategies. The first interval will present a antecede to the theme of study accommodating the rationale and implication of the cream. The subsequent interval will present a detailed appraisal of communication barriers, pro minence the preceding delves into carried out in this meadow. The triennial division will swathe the methodology for this study. The psychoanalysis of result, conclusions and debate will be obtainable in the quadrant section. The long hundredweight content subdivision shall bring the study to a close, given that assumption and functional commendation for supplemental investigation. 1.2 Overview Most of the managers fail to improve communication and cooperation between the employees because of language barriers. William (200087) said that if there would not be a language barrier within the organization then this will definitely lead the group towards the success and effective work. Employees are the essential part of any organization and manager should motivate their employees to work together and provide them friendly environment, so that they may work with each some other, and they may help other

Eye Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Eye - Essay ExampleThe lens is located in the ciliary body, attached to suspensory muscle it is formed by fine translucent filaments. The vitreous body, the croupe chamber, is a transparent jelly that is somewhat bigger as compared to the aqueous humor it is positioned at the scum bag side of lens and is surrounded by the sclera.Glaucoma is an eye infection in which the regular fluid impel within the eyes increases gradually, causing loss of sight. It is normally treated with eye drops, but surgery is withal advised in some cases where drug treatment is not successful.Diabetic retinopathy is a very special K diabetic eye disease and the main reason of blindness in grown-ups. Variations in retinas business vessels are the cause of this disease. Generally, treatment usually does not cure diabetic retinopathy however, strict control of personal line of credit sugar will lessen the risk of vision loss (Samii & Jannetta, 2012). Another common visual equipment casualty is myopia, in which the distant objects seem blurred. It can be treated with glasses, contact lenses, or corrective

The National, Regional and International Consequences of the US Essay

The National, Regional and International Consequences of the US Invasion of Iraq on Egypt - Essay ExampleThis contend took place within twenty-one days and was characterized by maximum combat involvement. Economic and political impacts of the United States Invasion Before the war, Saddam and the Baath Party had rule Iraq and resulted to dictatorship. Their success was attri exclusivelyed to the good opportunities that are in the country, like oil wells and good business. However, the invasion brought assorted changes on both the economic and political happenings in the Iraq state in relation to other countries for modeling Egypt (Austine 23). Economic effects of the American invasion to Iraq on Egypt The United States of America invasion on Iraq has caused many oppose effects among a lot of countries all over the world. These impacts can be identified with the do of assessing trends threats, and opportunities in some countries in the Middle East for example, Egypt. concord to analysts, Egypt government opposed the invasion in Iraq but continually offered its military as a major lever of the United States influence in the Middle East. It has been considered that Egypt is among the main counterterrorism allies that quietly supported the nuclear war on the Iraq state but publicly opposed it. This is callable to their commitment in maintaining strategic relationship with the United States of American during the war (Gordon 21). Probably, their support for this war can be attributed to economic completion mostly in the world of business. Iraq had to the highest degree similar strengths as Egypt because of its availability of oil and the tourism industry in Egypt. According to most reports, the American invasion of Iraq had less economic impacts on Egypt than that many economists had foreseen. The main loss was experienced in the oil-food course that was between Egypt and Iraq and led to the governments announcement of working to involve Egypts companies in stead. These two countries had substitution programs based on their strengths but had to seize after the invasion. As it is well known, Egypt has various historical sites that change its tourist attractions. The Iraq war caused the tourism industry in Egypt to experience quite a number of negative effects. Egypt is among those countries that rely on tourism as a major economic empowerment especially due to its opportunities. For instance, the availability of Pyramids of Giza that are known to attract tourists from all over the world. The war in Iraq resulted to negative theme about touring with most people thinking of nothing but war. Tourists had fear of visiting because as a result of war, most Egyptians had resulted to demonstrations (Keane 31). Egypts peak season is usually in March and April, which is consequently the like time of war. According to statistics, a forty percent reduction in trade activities and advantages was experienced in Egypt. This reduction has resulted to continued regression of the Egyptians preservation with effects being felt by the ordinary Egyptians. According to numerous economists, this war has resulted to a close to eight billion dollars losses on Egypts economy leading to requests for the World Bank to fund the country. The main reason for this reduction is the detachment from Iraq, yet, for a grand time Iraq has been the main Egypts trading partner. With the rise of war in iraq, a lot of

Operation management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Operation focusing - Essay Examplerations (chemical, mechanical, assembly, electrical, transportation, assembly, inspection, etc), number, and sequence are usually specified for each and every input. In this case, the proceeds will be chemicals, complete parts/products etc. the issue function illustrates the relationship between an governings inputs and outputs. The maximum output which can be realized with specific inputs or resources can be determined by studying the production function this is dependent on factors the like the available engineering science among others. Relationship between Production Function and Operations Management Both operations management and production are essential in achieving an organizations desired goals and objectives (Heizer and Render 2001, pg. 26). The core essence of each organization/business is to satisfy the needs of its customers through the provision of goods and work, and consequently solve their problems and create honour for them . Production function and operations management are about applying management and business organization concepts in the creation of goods and assistances. When applied together, the production function and operations are very essential and influential in realizing an organizations goals and meeting objectives. In order to create and supply value for customers in services and products, it is imperative that a company identifies customers preferences and then convert them into specific products or services (quantity of products needed for a known period of time). An organization must also conduct backdating (backward working) so as to know the vulgar material needs this is based on the requirements of a particular product. Finally, using operations management, it is necessary to carry internal and external retailers with the...The Nature of the Relationship between Operations Management and other. Operations management facilitates collaborationism among operation management profes sionals and other executives and managers in order to establish how operational planning can repair and sustain an organizations long-term marketing strategy. This planning may include identifying policies and goals for marketing management, digest services planning and budget management. Operations management (with the assistance of the operations manager) ensures that the marketing department is fulfilling its expect responsibilities within the company by meeting budgetary guidelines and productivity goals. In service operations like Heathrows, customers frequently participate in the conversion process. Manufacturing operations like Nestls employ very civilise and complex techniques for gauging resource consumption and production activities during the conversion process. Nestls operations, for example, take into consideration the manufacturing layout. In Nestls manufacturing environment, operations managers are in charge of the processes required to convert raw materials into f inished products. In Heathrows service operations, operations managers delegate duties to workers in order to make the handling of customer demand easier. Manufacturing and service organizations usually face many similar challenges that affect the eventual result of their operations.

Invictus Explication Essay Example for Free

Invictus Explication EssayWritten in the form of a sonnet, William Ernest Henleys poem Invictus describes the continuos battle against fantasm and sin that e precise human being experiences in his or her life. Invictus is formatted in four stanzas with four lines apiece and every stanza serves a separate purpose then the stanzas before. Henley reveals one of the major themes of this poem through the spoken communication My head is bloody, but unbowed (8). This line at the end of stanza two displays that everybody will endure struggles at some point in their life, but they cannot let those struggles complete destroy hemselves. Each stanza not and introduces realistic struggles and hardships that human beings face, but they besides illustrate how humans can triumph over those hardships. For example, the very beginning of the poem starts off with Out of the night that covers me/ Black as the pit from perch to pole implying that darkness and wickedness surround someones life (1- 2). Later on in the beginning of stanzas two and iii words such as fell clutch/ horror of the shade and scourge of the years in like manner introduce a dark and gloomy tone to the poem (4,9-10).Once the gloomy tone has een presented, Henley promptly switches gears and flips the tone to one of strength and encouragement The transition of tones is exhibited in strong language such as l have not winced, nor cried aloud (6). Henley formats each stanza in a way where the reader leaves with supreme thoughts as he or she continues reading. All throughout the poem, every line contains either a convinced(p) or negative tone however, the order in which the lines ar written change with each stanza. preferably than simply alternating between positive and negative tones with each line, Henley hanges not only the orders but also the amount of the positive and negative lines within each stanza. For example, the first stanza contains two negatively toned lines that are followed by two positi ve lines, but the second stanza alternates from negative to positive. By altering the order of the lines, Henley hints at the fact that life can throw good or bad things at you in any order.Different from all other stanzas, the third stanza contains three negatively toned lines and only one positively toned line. The stanza begins Beyond this place of wrath and tears/ Looms but the Horror of the shade/ and yet the menace of the years creating an extremely dark and malicious feel to the stanza (9-11). However, the maliciousness is shown to be ineffective to this person as the menace of the years/ finds and shall find him/her unafraid (11-12).Since stanza three contains three negatively toned lines in a row, it indicates that life can become absolutely overwhelming with darkness and evil, but no matter how bleak life may seem people always have the choice to fight and be unafraid. The themes of assumption and survival present themselves strongly in the last stanza. Essentially, Hen leys Invictus can be summed up with one unsophisticated statement humans concord their own lives, they have been given the authority to do whatever they desire.The wasting disease of the words Master and Captain in lines 15-16 prove this statement because both masters and captains are leadership who are inclined to make their own decisions. These lasts lines ultimately prove that people are in control of in their own hands. Whether a person ends up down the road of triumph or whacking falls complete upon his or herself because they are the Masters of their fate/ they are the Captains of their soul (15-16).

New York Times Essay Example for Free

new-fashi sensationd York Times EssayThe newspaper serves as the first draft of hi stage and is the most pregnant seed of primary documents in which historians use in erect to better gauge exactly what were the concerns and motivations of a item age. In 1900, America was celebrating a new century although there was little to celebrate. The Boar War in South Africa was taking far too long and costing far too many cash and lives in what was perceived to be an invincible British Empire.A massive explosion in westmost Virginia killed dozens of miners and in China, the Boxer Rebellion a Chinese nationalistic movement in which completely foreigners were seek-after(a) after and either expelled from the country or killed, was causing international headaches for America and chairman McKinley. The declination 24, 1900 issue of the current York Times, the most prestigious newspaper in the country, detailed many of the aforementi bingled events as come up as the sm on the whole er stories which neer did make the history books but were vitally important for those who were involved.As 1900 was coming to a close and moving into what would be the bloodiest century in human history, the readers of that day, saw a world with no shortage of pessimistic news and depressing facts about the state of their world. In the screen background of the Christmas while, the concern of the mountain of New York, as detailed in this issue of the New York Times, were detailing the hate and strife which frequently of the world, and especially New York city had, in the day before Christmas. The most important international issue of this day was the Boar War. America would remain neutral in this war but with British soldiers deep in the heart of South Africa and fighting a war, the details commanded a thought on the front page. The headline in the top left corner of page 1, Boars Take British town, detailed the pursuits of the British army in relation to the Boar War, which was ending its second social class with no sign of victory. The war would continue from 1899-1902 and cost more lives and money than would forever have been conceived and historians marked this as the beginning of the end of the British Empire. There were other important issues of the day. one and alone(a) issue which the people of New York were talking about that day was the firing of District Attorney Garnier by then regulator Theodore Roosevelt. This story was seen on page 1 of the Times as well as a detailed column on page 6 of the paper. Theodore Roosevelt was seen as a publish thinking Progressive Reformer who had no use for patronage, nor public opinion dictating his pull throughs. He was one of the most unique presidents this country ever had served in the White House. These flavours came through when regulator Roosevelt, under the idea that Garnier that he did not acknowledge the telegram of the governor directing attention to these officers and allowed his assets to interfere with the prompt trial of election cases.1In other words, Garniers connective with Tammany, the political force of the Democratic Party in which graft and patronage ran rampant, could not be detached from the demands of this office. In the election of 1900, it was asserted that Garnier had done little or nothing to stop the election tamper which the Republicans asserted had occurred. Governor Roosevelt believed this to be the case and promptly fired Garnier. The New York Times, in their editorial, criticized this move, through the professed to be no friend of Garnier. We think that the peoples rights and not Garniers be infringed by the action of Governor Roosevelt and are forced to condemn that action as a blunder in the temper of a crime.2Tammany, since the days of Boss William Tweed, had been under a suspicion of grafting politicians and Roosevelt, always the reformer, sought to free New York City from the patronage which he felt was choking the lifeblood from t he city. Tammany had been a source of patronage for decades and it sometimes served as the only source of employment for immigrants who were being ignored by the establishment.However, Tammany always ran under a cloud of suspicion for corruption and the reform candidates of that age, sought to starve Tammany of patronage. It is besides interesting to note that since Governor Roosevelt was causing so much trouble, for both the Democrats as well as the Republicans, that he was placed on the Republican ticket as President McKinleys Vice President in 1900 only a few months earlier as a way to silence him. Little did they know that the assassination of President McKinley in September 1901, propel Roosevelt onto the world political stage for the next 7 years. The newspaper in any case details the stories which never did make the history books. There are many one or ii paragraph stories which served as life changing for those involved but which were quickly forgotten in a day or two b y the rest of the public. One such story is of five year old Marie Horen who went into convulsions when she drank a bottle of whiskey as she copied what she had seen her father doing.She was rushed to the J. Hood Wright Hospital where her qualify was deemed serious. some other story involves nine year old Nathan Roth who was shot in the head by one who the paper deemed crazy. He was shot in the head and the bullet exited the right eye of the boy. The boy was marked dead and the defendant, John Galletus, a father of three and one who had attempted to shoot others, was captured and sent away. Another negative aspect of this day in New York History was the number of fires that were reported. There was listed, sixteen fires that had occurred. One of these fires ripped through a tenement in which it was reported that there presumed to be, a number of victims but as the records of those living in these tenements were sketchy at best, it seems as though the exact count will never be kno wn. It has been suspected that a number of these fires, especially the ones in which barns were being set ablaze, was suspected of being done by a group of sixteen years from the many notorious gangs which New York City housed. It was also reported that Andrew Carnegie, the steel magnate, one who had originated from Scotland and had made his fortunes in steel, donated $20,000 for the assembly of a new subroutine library at the all black Tuskegee School in which Booker T. Washington founded and led. During these last years of his life, Carnegie sought o give away millions of dollars in the construction of libraries all across the country from the astronomical cities in America, to the small towns. He had earned his money through the ruthless exploitation of capitalism and now sought to right his wrongs and run short a philanthropist and give money to support a new schoolhouse at Tuskegee.This occurred at a time when only four years later, calls of treason arose from the South whe n President Roosevelt invited Booker T. Washington, a leader in the African American community to lunch in order to discuss the issues of the day concerning African Americans. It was reported that the entire building would be built from the hard progress to of the students themselves a practice which had been adhered to when the school was first built. This speaks to the social culture of the day and is in contrast to the incorporate of Ed. Johnson, a dark man who was suspected of kidnapping a woman. The story states, on page 1, that Mr. Johnson had been set by a child witness as not having been the suspect but which did little to discourage the authorities to immediately free Mr. Johnson. Since this issue was dated Christmas Eve, there is also a religious aspect to this day as millions of Christians in the city were set to celebrate the birth of Jesus. This aspect of loving ones neighbor which is seen more often around Christmas time than any other, was seen in a large advertis ement which detailed the Salvation Armys feeding of the poor as well as the performance of a passion play. These plays were designed to detail the last hours of Jesus before he was hung on the cross. These plays have served as a popular and touching aspect of the Christmas Season but which have become more popular during the Easter season.In this spirit of alms giving, the New York Protestant Episcopal Society was also feeding Christmas dinner to the poor. However, with New York City containing a large Jewish population, it was stated by the bighearted rabbis of the city, that the Jewish people can enjoy this Christmas season, the joy and fulfillment which their swingow New Yorkers are experiencing this Christmas season but that Jews should be careful not to blend their appreciation for the enjoyment of others, with their own sense of faith, which it was stated, has heavy and final differences between Judaism and Christianity.3 1900 was an important and event-packed year. Reading the newspapers, specifically the New York Times, serves as a reminder that ever day, there occurs events, large and small, important and socially irrelevant, that occur every day and which are important to the people it affects. In a city as large as New York City, there still occurs individual(a) interest stories like the death of nine year old Nathan Roth or the case of five year old Maggie Enloin who went into convulsions after drinking a bottle of whiskey after seeing her father do the same. These stories occur every day, in every part of the country, as well as the world. Many times, they are not reported but in this day, celestial latitude 24, 1900, the editors of The New York Times, felt that the tragic death of a nine year old to street violence, or the burnings of tenements on the Lower East Side, as well as the involvements of the Boxer Rebellion, the Boar War or the issues of patronage and corruption within the Tammany machine, all fell under the definition All the news that is fit to print.This day in American History as well as New York History, saw a wide array of human interest stories, mate with heavy issues and the larger questions of What role will political patronage serve in the city and how much damage can Governor Roosevelt make before he assumes the Vice Presidency? Are the problems of the tenements to only being reported or sill any actions are made to help the poor and to help them organise above their circumstance?Can the deaths of innocent children be reconciled in a city who believes that it is on the cutting edge of the countrys reforms? Also, to what degree, if any, will America get involved in the issues abroad such as the Boar War and the Boxer Rebellion and how their outcomes will affect Americas relations with these countries. The December 24, 1900 issue of the New York Times, had contained within its twelve pages, a wide array of stories from all walks of life and on all levels of importance. Many of the above mentioned people are to be remembered, when they are remembered at all, in the pages of the newspaper the first draft of history.WORKS CITEDThe New York Times. December 24, 1900 (Twelve Pages)1 Governor Roosevelts defect The New York Times. December 24, 1900 pg. 62 Governor Roosevelts Error. The New York Times. December 24, 1900 pg. 63 The New York Times. December 24, 1900

The Essence of Love Essay Example for Free

The Essence of Love EssayThe essence of love is an forever controversial topic, the opinions of which vary from mortal to person. Some dont have sufficient faith in pure-love, on the contrary, others are firmly convinced that love is unconditional. From my perspective, love is as immaculate as snow that people smart for, however to some extent, the material factor is supposed to be emphasized beyond reproach.What should be reached an infinite consensus is that genuine love cant depend on how much capital he or she possesses, as the reason why you love him or her is relevant to nothing but the feeling when you get together. Your life story can be perfect if you grow old with whom you love. When love comes to you, you can fly like an angel, liveliness where full of brilliantly-colored and fragrant flowers. Nevertheless, coming back to earth, if you dont have money, how can your life be sustained?No one can deny that there is a common phenomenon in terms of love that legion (predicate) people divorce or lovers break up just due to economic reasons, like a tragedy. In the course of going in for eternal love, you may be in a quandary that how to figure out the tricky and perplexing question which is more significant, the true love or the money? However, as a matter of fact, money is the base of our life, as correspond to love. What if you marry a person who is not your cup of tea?

The European Renaissance Essay Example for Free

The European rebirth EssayThe European Renaissance was single of the most important periods of cartridge clip in on the whole of Western Civilizations history as military personnely of the cultural, social and philosophical movements that derived from this movement not only greatly effected the people who lived during the time period of the Renaissance, nevertheless much of what occurred during this time period still resonates and influences cultures, ideologies and philosophical beliefs to this precise day. As such, it becomes faultfinding to examine the European Renaissance so as to understand what it achieved and how it still resonates to the contemporary era. A real reason for this is that most arts and sciences build upon one each another in a logical progression. The attitudes of freedom in art, for example, slowly evolved into the more mature themes in art and film that were previously held pricker due to ghostlike and government censorship. Current advances in science such as stem electric cell research are not much different than the arguments for and against spontaneous generation in prior centuries. As such, in that location is still much that survives today that is a logical extension of what was started many years ago.thither were several areas of social change that derived from the Renaissance and the most important of these areas included art (painting, sculpture, architecture all evolved into phases that were far take from what had been considered Hellenic art), humanism (a theory of instilling knowledge that was a radical passing from traditional modes of education), religion (it was during this era that the concept of secularism as a response to classical religion began to progeny shape) and the philosophical notion of self awareness (this essentially refers to those living during the time period acknowledging the changes that were occurring).These changes were not guileless changes within the realm of the elites, howeve r. The changes that occurred in all these phases greatly affect the infrastructure of the western origination as a whole and it did so by ever-changing the fabric of the purchase order and this would resonate with the population as a whole with the end result of civilization as a whole radically changing from a classical society that had become stagnant and overly reliant on tradition for its very existence.To a great degree, the scientific community was strongly affected but the knowledge that was derived from the renaissance period. art object primitive compared to todays standards, the concepts and ideas regarding uranology have greatly impacted the way the modern creative activity operates. For example, the common telescope was invented during the period of the Renaissance and from the telescope the study of the stars and the planets derived.This, of course, has manifested into what is now the modern space days of satellites and explorations to the moon. While this may see m like a jump if one does not look at the complete timeline or progression of such achievements, however, if one were to look at the advent of a shape of modern achievements, the achievments understructure be traced back to the era of the renaissance.Of course no mention of the development of astronomy during the period of the Renaissance without mentioning the great advancements provided by Galileo of course, Galileo was the inventor of the telescope as well as the man who developed the theory that the sun was the center of the universe and this, of course, forever sent science on the bridle-path of accuracy that is of paramount importance to subscribe to for scientific theories to remain accurate and relevant in the modern era.In terms of the modern era, it would be doubtful that the great expansion of the space age would exist without the foundations that were devised by Galileo. Considering the fact that the primary principles founded by Galileo have not been discarded or alt ered, it would be gumshoe to say that their accuracy is irrefutable and, as such, still permeate in the sciences today. The American and European policy-making institutions of the modern are also heavily reliant upon theories and ideologies of political popular opinion that derive from the Renaissance period.In particular, the module of classical liberalism still manages to affect political thought in the modern western world today. (Please note there are significant differences between classical liberalism and the modern version, although there are trustworthy similarities between the two) For example, consider the classic renaissance thinker Voltaire and his famous statement I may disapprove of what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it.This is clearly a bring influence on the notion of freedom of speech to this day. In fact, in can be seen in the Constitution of the United States, a document which often used the common wisdom of the Renaissance and th e prescience as a guiding principle in the modern political theory of the United States. in that respect are a number of examples of how events from the Renaissance shape modern cultural, social and political life and this can be seen in the following four examplesSkepticism the notion of self awareness led greatly to the concept of questioning traditional norms and beliefs. From this, a number of examples can be put forth but one of the most prevalent in the news these days is the modern atheism movement, much of which derives its origins from the thought process of the Renaissance period. (Skepticism can be seen today in much of the modern political word that forces both parties to the center) Secularism some confuse the notion of secularism with atheism and this is an inaccurate assessment.In reality, secularism simply means that religious law does not provide the basis for the supreme law of the land. In a secular society such as Europe and to varying extents, the United Stat es, the law derives from secular origins and not from religious rule. modern font Art While some would say that the Pop Art as devised by Andy Warhol is far removed from the Renaissance, the reality is that it, along with many different forms of modern art, derives from the changing concepts of art that originated in the Renaissance period.During the Renaissance, there was a significant shift away from art that centered on traditional images of gods and kings and this deviation from the classical module still exists to this day. Psychology The field of psychology is also based in the concept of self-awareness that originated during the Renaissance period. Much of what exists in modern psychology centers on understanding oneself, the world and ones surround and this was a notion that was born of the renaissance that still exists to this very day.The notion of looking inward, for example, as oppose to gods and mystics for enlightenment is the hallmark of modern psychology and looking inward as opposed to external structures is what is stock(a) today in modern American pop culture and psychology and its origins are found in the Renaissance. To that extent, much of what exists in the United States today and well as the Western World in oecumenic is an extension of the success of the models of thought of the Renaissance. The perpetual extension of these modules of thought speak volumes for their accuracy.

Sport Scale Essay Example for Free

Sport Scale EssayABSTRACT The primary purpose of this guide was to turn a valid and trusty instrument to assess merriment fan motivation. Also, the new beat was employed to examine the kinship mingled with summercater fan motivation and heathen individuation. One vitamin C six-spotty nine college students from two southeastern institutions patchicipated in this study. Data were analyzed using exploratory and confirming factor analysis, Bivariate correlation, t test, ANOVA, and descriptive statistics. The fan Motivation Scale (FMS), developed in this study, consisted of six components with 22 items. The soma of items under every component range from 5 to 2 items (quality of the game 4 items, escape 5 items, boredom avoidance 5 items, social 3 items, recreation 3 items, and sport atmosphere 2 items). In addition, two hypotheses were tested in the current study. The first hypothesis was that heathenish identity is prescribedly link up to sport fan motivation. The second hypothesis assumed that there was a going between Afri raise Americans and European Americans in their social identity. The results revealed the FMS is a reliable measure with an boilersuit alpha score of 0.90. Significant differences were erect between participants in the total FMS and some of the sub surpasss base on gender and sociality. However, the cores of the samples examined in this study do not support the first hypothesis. Therefore, no significant relationship was found between sport fan motivation and social identity. Regarding the second hypothesis, a significant difference was found between African Americans and European Americans in their cultural identity. vii CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Sports harbor become an increasingly crucial part of our society.Sports fans re amaze a significant percentage of sport consumers, because 70 percent or more of Americans watch, read, or discuss sports at least once a twenty-four hour period (Iso-Ahola Hatfield, 1986). From 1985 to 1998, attendance has significantly increased at the four major sports in the United States. Major compact Baseball (MLB) had the largest increase in the number of people attending games (24. 2 million, a 50% increase), followed by professional basketball (10. 3 million, a 89% increase), professional football (5. 7 million, a 40% increase), and professional hockey (5. 6 million, a 49% increase).The number of people attending college sporting slips has as well as increased during this time period (U. S. Census Bureau, 2000). Additionally, more television programming time is being attached to sporting events. The ESPN was the fifth highest ranked television network in 2000, in terms of revenue, it was estimated to be $2. 1 billion (McAvoy, 2000). With the increase of interest in sports has become an increased interest of sports fans as consumers. Sport team ups and companies are very interested in attracting as many consumers as possible to purchase game tickets or products.Therefore, sport marketers should acknowledge the factors that drive fans to follow sport by attending, watching on television, or buy products. However, understanding the smell of sports fans is not simple because their statuss and behaviors are not determined by a iodine indigence or factor but rather occur for a variety of reasons (Mashiach, 1980). Statement of the enigma There has been a growing interest in the study of sport fan motivations in modern years to better understand fan behaviors (Bilyeu Wann, 2002 Funk, Mahony, Nakazawa, Hirakawa, 2001 Funk, Mahony Ridinger, 2002 Funk, Ridinger, Moorman, 2003Gantz, 1981 Kahle, Kambara, Rose, 1996 Lee, 2002 Mahony, Nakazawa, Funk, James, Gladden, 2002 Pease Zhang, 2001 Trail James, 2001 Wann, 1995 Wann, Bilyeu, Brennan, Osborn Gambouras, 1999 Wann, Brewer, 1 Royalty, 1999 Wann, Schrader Wilson, 1999). Some of these studies stir introduced measures of different usance motives of sport fans. In addition, res earchers have examined the relationship between fan motivation and early(a) variables such as team identification, involvement, gender, and look sharp.The measures used in previous(prenominal) studies to assess fan motivations vary in length and number of components. However, some of the components are used in all or nearly scales such as the entertainment component, the family component, and the friends component. They also packet very similar items with regard to similar components. Items used in most previous scales often begin with the words I like, I bang, or I get which raises a validness issue for the measures because the aforementioned words compensate satisfaction and attitude rather than motivation.Fan satisfaction relates to the happiness and pleasure associated with the outcome of a sporting event while fan attitude represents the opinion and faces an someone has about a sport team or sporting event. On the other hand, sport fan motivation refers to the reason s that drive individuals to support sport teams, be loyal to them, buy team/sport cogitate products, watch and attend sporting events. The Purpose of the Study The purpose of this study was to develop a valid and reliable instrument to assess sport fan motives.Also, the new measure was apply to examine the relationship between fan motivation and heathen identity. The Conceptual Framework The conceptual fabric of this study includes the discussion of two concepts. First, the Fan Motivation Scale and its content will be introduced. Second, the notion of ethnic identity and why it should be cor relate with sport fan motivation will be presented. The prior research (Wann, 1995 Funk, Mahony, Nakazawa, Hirakawa, 2001 Bilyeu Wann, 2002) identified various motives that could drive fans to attend sporting events.Some of these motives are link to personal needs (entertainment and financial 2 gain), social needs (bonding with family and company affiliation), and psychological needs (se lf-esteem and achievement). In attempt to measure the motives of sport fans, the researchers introduced different scales. These scales comprised different number of motives ranging from 7 motives with 16 items to 18 motives with 54 items. The length of some of the scales was not the only problem. The major concern for previous scales is in the content validity, the utmost to which items used in the scale accurately represent fan motives.In fact, all previous scales include items that are more related to attitude and satisfaction then motivation. The reason for this problem is the lack of drop off definition of sport fan motivation. The current study is going to view sport fan motivation as the reasons that drive individuals to support sport teams, be loyal to them, purchase team/sport related products, watch and attend sporting events. In addition, this study will employ a review of related literature and the prior effort made on fan motivation scales to develop valid and reliable measures of sport fan motivation.The proposed Fan Motivation Scale (FMS) will measure six motives social, entertainment, escape, aesthetic, psychological, and amotivation. The social motive assesses the extent to which individuals participate in sporting events as spectators because they swear to spend time with their families (Gantz, 1981 Wann, 1995). Also, to some individuals, base affiliation is an important motivation of being a sport fan. Sport spectating provides a fan with opportunities to share time with others who taste the same activities.A fan may want to keep contact with a free radical of fans and seek refuge from a feeling of alienation (Branscombe Wann, 1991 Smith, 1988 Wann, 1995). The entertainment motive includes items that represent the want of some individuals to have a good time and enjoy the excitement associated with sporting events. Some fans faculty enjoy a sport because of its entertainment value. Sport spectating provides fans with leisure pastime a ctivities similar to watching movies or television. One advantage of sport spectating is that few special s protrudes, if any, are required (Zillmann, Bryant Sapolsky, 1989 Wann, 1995).The escape motive of sport fans assesses the desire of sport fans to escape or diverge from their everyday lives. Attending a sporting event gives many people an 3 opportunity to temporarily forget about their troubling, dissatisfying, or boring lives (Smith, 1988 prise Wheeler, 1984 Wann, Schrader Wilson, 1999). The aesthetic motive of sport fans appeals to those that are motivated by the aesthetic value of the sport. Some fans enjoy sports because of the competition between highly skilled athletes. The beauty, grace, and other artistic characteristics make some people enjoy sporting events (Milne McDonald, 1999 Wann, 1995).The psychological motive is a factor that motivates sports fans and gives them a feeling of accomplishment and achievement when the fans preferent team or pretender is succ essful. Sports fans tend to associate themselves with a successful team or player in order to create and sustain a positive self-concept (Branscombe Wann, 1991 Milne McDonald, 1999 Sloan, 1989). Amotivation refers to the state of lacking an intention to act. When amotivated, individuals action lacks intentionality and a backbone of personal causation (Ryan Deci, 2000).Amotivation results from not valuing an activity (Ryan, 1995), not feeling competent to do it (Deci, 1975), or not believing it will yield a desired outcome (Seligman, 1975). Some individuals might go to sport events and watch sport games because they have nothing else to do, bored, and want to kill time. These types of reasons had been neglected in previous studies of sport fan motivation. As mentioned earlier, prior research has examined the relationship between fan motivations and other variables such as sport involvement, team identification, and some demographic factors of selected sport fans.However, the ethn ic identity of sport fans has been ignored in the literature. It might be assumed by some researchers that the race factor is enough representation of an individuals ethnic background. It is, however, only part of the concept. Ethnic identity is defined as a process of coming to terms with ones ethnic-racial membership group as a salient reference group (Smith, 1991, p. 182). Smith (1991) defined an ethnic group as a reference group called upon by people who share a common history and culture (p. 181).According to Gordon (1985), culture influences our social standards, values, cognitions, social perceptions, attributions, feelings, and sources of motivation. Individuals develop their ethnic identity through their social interaction with others. Through their interactions they begin to view themselves as others view them 4 (Stryker, 1980). Ethnic identity is viewed as part of social identity and it was defined by Tajfel (1981) as that part of an individuals self-concept which deriv es from his knowledge of his membership of a social group (or groups) together with the value and emotional import attached to that membership (p.255).An ethnic group is composed of a number of individuals who share a sense of group identity based on their unique culture, which include values, morals, and various customs, as well as shared origins. In the big society, ethnic groups tend to maintain a sense of peoplehood (Dublin, 1996 Kornblum Janowitz, 1974 Portes, 1996). Forty years ago, Tumin (1964) defined an ethnic group as a social group which, within a large ethnical and social system, claims or is accorded special status in terms of intricateity of traits which it exhibits or is believed to exhibit (p.123).Distinguishing between ethnic groups is not always simple. Some ethnic minorities, such as African Americans, may have obvious somatogenetic differences that set them apart from other ethnic groups within the United States, but many biracial individuals present an amb iguity because they belong to two or more ethnic groups, which makes ethnicity a subjective construct (Root, 1992). studying ethnic identity is very important because it is the foundation for what an individual believes about himself or herself.Given the significance of ethnic identity, many researchers have been studying this construct. Phinney (1990) reviewed 70 studies of ethnic identity published between 1972 and 1990. She found that most of the studies have used one of three theoretical fashion models to examine ethnic identity. The first role model is the social identity surmise which ethnic identity is considered a component of social identity. Social theory refers to the need for an individual to be a member of a group that provides him or her with a sense of belonging that contributes to a positive self-concept.The second framework is the acculturation prospective. The concept of acculturation refers to changes in the cultural attitudes, value, and behaviors that result f rom interactions between two distinct cultures (Berry, Trimble, Olmedo, 1986). These kinds of changes are normally the concern of a group of individuals, and how it relates to the dominating or host society. Ethnic identity can be an aspect of acculturation in which the charge is on the individuals and how they relate to their own group as a subgroup of the larger society (Phinney, 1990).The third framework is developmental framework, where ethnic identity is viewed as a process by which people construct their ethnicity. 5 Erikson (1968) indicated that identity is the outcome of a period of exploration and experimentation that normally takes place during adolescence and leads to a finis of commitment in various areas, such as occupation, and religion. This view of ethnic identity suggests age as a factor is strongly related to developing ones ethnic identity (Phinney, 1990). Phinney (1990) mentioned that most studies have focused on certain components of ethnic identity.These co mponents include self-identification as a group member, a sense of belonging to the group, attitudes about ones group membership, and ethnic involvement (social participation, cultural practices and attitudes). Self-identification represents the ethnic label that one uses for oneself. The ability of children to label themselves with the right ethnic group was the addressed in a study by Aboud (187). Another issue was the relationship between incorrect labeling and poor self-concept (Cross, 1978). Adults are evaluate to know their ethnicity but the issue is what label one chooses to use for himself or herself.However, some ethnic groups have a little choice in what ethnic title they can use for themselves often because of their distinctive skin color or culture (language, dresses, customs, etc. ) which distinguishes them from other groups. Additionally, some individuals have two or more ethnic backgrounds and they identify themselves as members of more than one group. Ethnic self-i dentification is an important but complex component of ethnic identity (Phinney, 1990). The feeling of belonging to ones own group is an important element of ethnic identity.Some researchers have tried to assess the sense of belonging by any asking people how strong was their relationship with their groups or how separate they feel from other groups (Driedger, 1976). Members of every ethnic group can have positive or negative attitudes toward their own group. Some of the positive attitudes related were pride in and pleasure, satisfaction, and contentment with ones group (Phinney, 1990). Negative attitudes include dissatisfaction, displeasure, discontentment, and a desire to hide ones identity (Driedger, 1976).People who display no positive attitudes or express negative attitudes can be seen as denying their ethnic identity (Phinney, 1990). In addition, the involvement in the social life and cultural practices of ones ethnic group is considered a strong indicator of ones ethnic iden tity. The social and cultural practices 6 that represent the involvement component include language, friendship, social organizations, religion, cultural traditions, and governing (Phinney, 1990). Phinney (1992) developed the Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measure (MEIM) with the purpose of assessing ethnic identity among various ethnic groups.The scale was designed to measure three components of ethnic identity affirmation and belonging, ethnic identity achievement, and ethnic behaviors. Roberts, Phinney, Masse, Chen, Roberts, and Romero (1999) examined the validity of the MEIM and conducted factor analysis with a large sample. The outcomes suggest that the scale measures two components of ethnic identity ethnic identity search and affirmation, belonging, and commitment. Ethnic identity search refers to a developmental and cognitive component. Affirmation, belonging, and commitment represent the affective component.However, the scale has been proven to be a valid and reliable measurem ent and it will be used in the context of this study. More discussion of the scale is provided in the method section. Researchers have indicated that positive relationships do exist between ethnic identity and self-esteem, self-concept, psychological well-being, achievement, and satisfaction (Phinney, 1992 Roberts et al. , 1999 Delworth, 1989). However, it is the purpose of this study to examine the relationship between ethnic identity and motivations of sport fans. According to Phinney (1990) some.

Mediation in Indian Legal System Essay Example for Free

Mediation in Indian Legal System EssayThere are as legion(predicate) 3. 2 crore cases pending in our courts . The number of pending cases may be due to many loop holes in our legal system , these loop holes are known to us but about of them cannot be dealt with because of stringent laws , moreover to face them and to reduce the number a new thing came into beingness known as ADR ( Alternate Dispute Resolution ) system which as the name suggests is an substitute(a) system to the roughhewnly followed litigation system which is time consuming and sometimes doesnt cater a common judgment which may be in favor of some(prenominal) the parties. Therefore an act came up in year 1996 known as ADR act 1996 which empowered with a parallel legal alternative which was followed In the U. S. A. Implementation of ADR in India The implementation of Alternative Dispute Resolution mechanisms as a means to action speedy disposal of justice is a crucial issue. The sea-change from using litig ation as a turncock to resolve disputes to using Alternative Dispute Resolution mechanisms such as conciliation and mediation to provide speedy justice is a change that cannot be easily achieved.The first step had been taken in India way back in 1940 when the first Arbitration number was passed. However, due to a dispense of loop-holes and problems in the legislation, the provisions could not fully enforced. However, many years later in 1996, The Arbitration and Conciliation Act was passed which was based on the UNCITRAL model, as already discussed in the previous section of the paper. The amendments to this Act were also do taking into account the various opinions of the leading corporates and businessmen who utilise this Act the intimately.Sufficient provisions harbour been created and amended in the area of Lok Adalats in order to help the rural and commoner segments to make most use of this unique Alternative Dispute Resolution mechanism in India. Therefore, today the pro visions in India sufficiently provide for Alternative Dispute Resolution. However, its implementation has been restricted to just large corporates or thumping business firms. Lok Adalats, though a very old concept in Indian Society, has not been implemented to its utmost level. People still opt for litigation in many spheres due to a lot of drawbacks.Provisions made by the legislators need to be utilised. This utilisation can take place only when when a definite procedure to incerase the implementation of ADR is followed. In order to have such an implementation programme, it is inevitable to analyse what the problems are and rectify them. Mahatma Gandhi had put in correct words as I had learnt the true picture of law. I had learnt to find out the better side of human nature and to enter mens heart. I realised that the true function of a lawyer was to unite parties riven as under.The lesson was so indelibly burnt into me that a large part of my time during the twenty years of m y practice as a lawyer was occupied in bringing about private compromised of hundred of cases. I lost nothing thereby-not correct money-certainly not my soul. The Idea behind finding an alternate was to provide if not greater but touch on form of justice. Certain things were kept in mind like a)it should provide equality and be true(p) b) it should same as judgments based on ethics c) it should be within the law framework of the realm d) and it should be able to come up with remedies which a litigative system doesnt provides.Further one cannot get over the fact that many pitfalls in the Indian Legal System such as delay in justice,expense on drafting , rigitidy of rules and limited participation of parties are few flaws. Every litigant expects to be hared by the judge but due to the rigidity norms its delayed however the rigidity is necessary to maintain the honor of the judicial process. Natural justice as a proposition of principle demands judges to hear both the parties i n presence of eachother, if it is not than its anathema.Mediation on the other hand is a process in which a person cannot be judgemental but a fecilitator who is just and views underlying issues who helps in communication among two parties and reach a common solution. He however can furnish a theme on his mediation and then forward it to the judiciary. This process involves meeting the parties separately and also together . The matter is discussed and hence a common solution is found out which of the benefit to both the parties. The mediator understands the artificial lake of conflict between the parties and within the parameters of laws suggests them a solution thus creation new ideas.These are conscious to the parties and its further for them to accept it. Besides that in mediation process one understands the situation of the other and accordingly reach the conclusion. In the Indian legal system the adversarial nature of our lawyers which involve confliction views are necessa ry supportive to effort of the court to investigate facts. But here an individual client feels marginalized in the presentation of his viewpoints by his lawyer before the court as litigants who contest in person give vent to their emotion,opinions,perceptions and interests. therefrom mediation calls for in person involvement of a person so that his views are expressed and his emotions. interests, concerns, come across empathy and process is practical. Always judicial remedies are not geared to accommodate. Mediation provides a real alternative as mediation outcomes are less likely to be evaded and parties look beyond the formal barrier of a legal dispute. Some cases are not be dealt in conventional court position such as business and personal relationship where confidentiality is an important aspect. Therefore they require mediation .

Psy240 Final Analyzing Psychological Disorders Essay Example for Free

Psy240 Final Analyzing Psychological Disorders EssayYou are interviewing for a psychologist function with a top company. After your face-to-face interview with the team, they have provided you with two additional assignments image A and Part B below, which will complete the interview process* Part A A psychologist understands how biota can affect psychological activities and disorders. In your interview, you are asked about your understand of the causes and treatment(s) of schizophrenia. In your reply, discuss the pursuit* Areas of the brain affected* Causal factors* Associated symptoms* The neural basis* Appropriate drug therapies* Part B Part B of the interview consists of interpreting some case studies from a biopsychologists perspective. You are given quartette different case studies of disorders and have the option of choosing two out of the four case studies to analyze.* Write a 1,750- to 2,100-word paper in APA format containing the following* Introduction* Part A of t he interview process.* Part B of the interview process* Choose two of the four case studies presented in Appendix A.* discourse your understanding of the hassle presented in each of the two case studies from the perspective of a biopsychologist.* Include each problems relation to the nature-nurture issue and any relevant portions of the Basics to Biopsychology text.* Use a minimum of tailfin outside resources, including at least 3 peer-reviewed articles.* Apply any helpful drug interventions or solutions.* Discuss the positive or negative aspects of these drug interventions or solutions and * Conclusion

Learning Expirience Essay Example for Free

skill Expirience screenExperience can shape our behavior and personality. More over our experiences contribute to our development over cartridge holder. development process occurs when we experience detail that lay down negative or positive effect on us. In this essay I pass on briefly describe my personal scholarship experience I will also define the concept of check outing, and will provide analysis of what I pass learned from this experience. In addition my essay will include the analysis and application of classical and operant conditioning as well as cognitive- social learning. My Experience Every persons identity is formed by the various roles that they perform in the world. In fact becoming a mother is one more such role and it has psychological implications. Four month ago I became a mother to a wonderful, my first baby boy. The experience of giving birth, as well as being home with a newborn for the first few weeks was overwhelming, painful, and emotionally ti ring. I am 25 years old and was so exciting to becoming a mother, bargonly when my son was born for the first few weeks I have experienced anxiety, stress, depression, fear and even anger.It has been almost 4 month and my baby is my life, I cannot imagine how I was getting frustrated and feeling all those things when my baby is my joy. Today I am still tired, and stressed, however anger and depression is gone. I have learned from this experience that I need to accept the miscellanea in my life, and avoid becoming frustrated. Being prepared for things to be different could have prepared me to vision with situation differently. Also positive attitude should have been my best ally instead of being numb and having negative thoughts.At last I have learned from this experience that I need to refine to develop a new and balanced lifestyle that takes into consideration all areas of my new life. Learning Learning is the process whereby knowledge is created through the transformation of experience (David A. Kolb, 1984). As we learn, we alter the substance we perceive our environs, the way we interpret the incoming stimuli, and therefore the way we interact, or behave (Carpenter Huffman, 2012). Learning through Classical condition One of the best-known characteristics of behavioral learning theory is classical conditioning.Classical conditioning is a learning process that occurs through knowledges between an environmental stimulant and a naturally occurring stimulus (Carpenter Huffman, 2012). There are basic principles of classical conditioning process. Such as the un learn stimulus (UC) and unconditioned reaction (UR), as well as conditioned stimulus (CS) and conditioned response (CR) (Carpenter Huffman, 2012). The unconditioned stimulus is one that unconditionally, naturally, and mechanically triggers a response (The propositional nature of human associatory learning, 2009).For example, baby crying made me feel reprehensible and frustrated, and baby smil ing made me feel loved, happy and positive. For instance, when I saw my bay for the first time the feeling of pain was simply gone. As I spend those first weeks with my baby although I have had mood swings and feeling of anger sometimes, however every time I looked at my baby I naturally felt better and calmer. The unconditioned response is the unlearned response that occurs naturally in response to the unconditioned stimulus. For example, feel of love in response to my baby smile is unconditioned stimulus.The conditioned stimulus is previously neutral stimulus that, after becoming associated with the unconditioned stimulus, eventually comes to trigger a conditioned response (The propositional nature of human associative learning, 2009). For example, when my baby cried I felt frustration and in the very(prenominal) time my husband was trying to explain me something thus my husband voice would be conditioned stimulus. Although the weighty of my husband voice is unrelated to my baby s cry and feeling of frustration, if the sound of his voice was opposite multiple times with the babys cry, the sound would eventually trigger the conditioned response.The conditioned response is the learned response to the previously neutral stimulus. For instance, feeling frustrated when I heard my husband talk to me. In my view classical conditioning is a useful technique that can be employ by creating a positive environment to help people to overcome anxiety, fear and frustration. For example, a situation like my babys crying with pleasant surroundings would have helped me to learn new associations. kind of of feeling anxious, frustrated and angry in that situation, I learn to stay relax and calm (Carpenter Huffman, 2012).operant Conditioning Operant conditioning is a technique of learning that happens through rewards and punishments for behavior. Through operant conditioning, an association is made between a behavior and a consequence for that behavior (The propositional n ature of human associative learning, 2009). The elimination of an undesirable outcome can be used to decrease or prevent undesirable behavior. Feeling frustrated, being angry with situation simply led to more stress and created more problems for myself emotionally and physically.Positive reinforcement Getting to know my baby, his first smile and lough created a positive and happy environment thus increasing my positive behavior. To conclude learning process revolves around human life. People learn something new every single day, thus creating new experiences and knowledge. Self-development and growth naturally occurs through learning.

Costing Methods Paper Essay Example for Free

Costing Methods Paper Essay multivariate and submersion costing methods atomic number 18 two different costing methods. Almost all successful companies in the world use some(prenominal) methods. Variable costing and absorption costing cannot be substituted for one another because both the systems have their witness advances and limitations (Accounting for management). This paper will complete and discuss exercise 19-17 in Wiley Plus it will discuss the quest questions In this case, would it be better to use the variable or absorption costing method, and why? In this example Polk Company should use the absorption method, because the absorption only uses overhead that allocates to the 80,000 units sold. Whereas the variable method counts the touch on overhead as a period expense, the fixed overhead during this period is calculated on 95,000 units produced, when the absorption method is used. The variable method just calculates fixed overhead on 80,000 units sold.What are th e benefits of the two methods? two systems have their own benefits and limitations. The absorption method gives management information of product cost this is the main benefit of the absorption method. The benefit of the variable method is it gives an output the mimics the cash flow of the company. Which method would lead to the topper decision when a competitor is submitting a lower bid for your product? The absorption method would be best although both methods are used, with variable costing expenses remains the same, and with the absorption method fixed drudgery cost are period cost. Variable costing method helps with demand based pricing.ReferencesAccounting for management. (n.d.). Variable costing versus absorption costing. Retrieved from http//www.accountingformanagement.org/variable-vs-absorption-costing/

I am analyzing a transcript of Jamie’s Dream School Series1 and will be identifying and evaluating language features used Essay Example for Free

I am analyzing a transcript of Jamies fancy School Series1 and will be identifying and evaluating language features use EssayI am analyzing a transcript of Jamies Dream School Series1 and will be identifying and evaluating language features usedStarkey is a teacher and is in a position of authority and has a preconceived notion his students be not serious as such, sees the need to drive home a few key facts which includes the reason for their being in school. He does this by laying emphasis on repetitive pronouns e.g. you, youve as he draws into the conversation. Connor interrupts and thus overlaps Starkey by construction yeah right in response to Starkeys comment on some animals being faster. Starkey finds this gross and considering his position of authority and preconceived notion of the students not being particularly bright, he responds in an equally insultive humansner stating Connor was fat and couldnt really move. At the point, the conversation changes from formal t o informal and he uses youreThis sparks overlapping laughter and noise from the rest of the class. Connor takes it personal and uses colloquial/slang language yeah and man in his response and further insults Starkey who uses courtesy items in response Yes // now// right in an onslaught to change the conversation from informal back to formal and overlaps and repeats by stuttering nervously this is, this is, this is and persona, personaConnor maintains an informal product line as evidenced in his use of contractions and informal words e.g. shit, Ill, mate, and wear outt. and use of a false start dont start, alright dont start at all because hes clearly upset.Starkey then remarks problem there are wi wi with Jamies food theyll be, lots of dieting opportunities now. It seems Starkey repeats words when upset. Again here, hes used wi wi and a contraction theyll indicates an informal tone.The conversation is still informal because Connor uses youre ITS, and addresses Starkey as mate AN D A HEDGE dya . He also sarcastic by using polite words whitethorn I ask and immediately follows it by asking if Starkeyhas always been 4 feet tall.Starkey maintains a sarcastic origin by replying from the age of thirteen.This transcript started off on a formal note but off-key out to be mainly informal. Connors final response Okay brings the conversation back to a forma note

The Suggestibility of Child Witnesses

The Suggestibility of Child WitnessesKarpinski and Scullins (2009) bowl of view tests whether system of mind and executive functioning affects tiddlerrens magnetic inclination to adopt the view asserted by misleading questions under pressured oppugns. In addition, effects of age ranging from lead to five as a factor of suggestibility was investigated. The procedures required 80 preschoolers, over four sessions, to witness a video and live show antecedent to a theory of mind test, performance on executive function tasks and a Video Suggestibility Scale for Children (VSSC) to rank them based on assents to misleading questions (Yield), changing of termination after feedback (Shift) and total affirmative answers given after feedback in Shift (Yield 2). The results showed that churlren performed better in theory of mind and executive tasks functions with increasing age, making them less suggestible. This suggests that older children, by understanding the theory of mind, comprehen ding that the interrogateer cogency have an existing false belief, and thus avoids assenting. Through the VSSC, turn away Yield 2 scores gibe with poorer executive functioning, which was observed in younger children. Additionally, pressure from the interviewer has shown a higher(prenominal) suggestibility in children. However, the study alone studied children from ages three to five, limiting the age group to a smaller range and did non admit older children into the study. Moreover, executive functions and theory of mind atomic number 18 not the sole factors of individual differences in children that wanton a part in suggestibility.Allwood, C. M., Granhag, P. A., Jonsson, A. (2006). Child witnesses meta retrospect realism. S plentydinavian Journal of Psychology, 47(6), 461-470.The study conducted was to determine the degree of bridal of confidence judgments to childrens answers regarding a video about a kidnapping event. This was investigated using a sample of 80 children , from 11 to 12 years old. Four confidence scales, the numeric scale, picture scale, line scale and written scale were used. Frequency judgments of the children were also acquired. Prior training was provided to ensure that the children understood the probability scale. Results were that participants show cocksureness over all four confidence scales after calibration. No signifi disregardt effect was found whether both of the confidence scales had affected the confidence judgment. However, a signifi fecest difference was found by comparing genders, with girls organism better calibrated that boys to confidence scales, and the girls had a significantly lower frequency judgment than boys. However, both genders had a higher frequency judgment than the number of questions they actually had answered correctly. Lastly, by comparing the results obtained from adults who watched the same video in an new(prenominal) study by Allwood et al. (2003), it showed that children were more overconfi dent than adults. However, this comparison to an otherwise study cannot promise that the conditions undertook were precisely the same. The study should extend its age range of children to younger children, who are still developing, though it is not cognize whether they would comprehend the different confidence scales to render it effective to children that age.Warren, A. R., McGough, L. S. (1996). Research on childrens suggestibility Implications for the investigative interview. Criminal jurist and Behavior, 23(2), 269-303.This review contains consolidated result from various queryes to report the best conditions under which childrens recount of experiences would be real to use in court. This targets eliminating the possibility of childrens suggestibility. By using the role of the interviewer, the timing of the interview and the process, it emphasizes on points which interviewers should distinguish note of. Specifically, interviewers should not hold any bias, nor ask misleadin g questions. This should also be coupled with a non-biased response and building ground rules such as the acceptance of unsure as a response. repeating of questions are not encouraged, though it may require several sessions before details are noted. As for interviews, delays would result in more errors in recalling, especially in children. Video recorded interviews are welcomed, overhaul as evidence in court for reliability and a initiation for children to remember previous interviews. For the interview process, guidelines do include the necessity of building rapport with the child and allow free-recall of events, as they give higher accuracy of memory. One method widely encouraged is the cognitive interview. Though anatomically correct dolls are not endorsed, age-appropriate language can be used to encourage the child to indicate abused trunk parts. Lastly, the interview should be done in stress free environment. Though these information would greatly attend interviewers, the best formula is to allow states to train specialists in interviewing children or building specific protocol for other interviewers to follow.4.Quas, J. A., Goodman, G. S., Ghetti, S. Redlich, A. D. (2000). Questioning the child witness What can we conclude from the research thus far? Trauma, Violence and Abuse, 1(3), 223-249.The study review conducted a summary of researches and their association to investigating child witnesses. First, the articles reported differences in development between younger and older children. It was found that younger children are more suggestible due to poorer recall. However, preschoolers are effective in script memory, although it is limited to repeated events. Also, though children can recall memory, they have difficulty pose the memory into a logical structure. This is limited by their source memory. The relationship between stress and memory has not been significantly proven, but children who are more distressed may have a lower recall due to a t hird factor, such as attention. Trauma, especially repeated ones, are not found to hinder memory. Another idea to factor in is general knowledge, where knowledge consistent to what the child knows is encoded in memory easily. Next, suggestibility was discussed. It was revealed that free-recall allows children to give accurate memories, given that no false information was given prior to recall. However, when false information was given repeatedly, childrens suggestibility increased. Thirdly, individual differences in children was reviewed. It concluded that other than age, internal characteristics of the child can affect the quality of the information elicited. Suggestibility has been related to dual representation, source memory and imaginativeness of the child. Though overmuch has been concluded from previous studies, there are certain areas which have not been researched or little research have been done on those areas.5.Lyon, T. D., Saywitz, K. J. (2006). From post-mortem to pr eventive medicine Next steps for research on child witness. Journal of Social Issues, 62(4), 833-861.The current paper looks into future researches that can be done regarding the suggestibility of child witnesses. It proposes to researchers not to only keep abreast of current researches but also develop new models. The study agrees source monitoring training can be conducted to decrease suggestibility in younger children. Due to reluctance of whatsoever children to admit to abuse, research can look into factors affecting such victims and methods to allay the symptoms. Also, researches should encompass older children, other than preschoolers. Moreover, laboratory results should be brought out into the field to test its validity. Through combination of field and laboratory work, methods can be refined to bring about better policies. Additionally, recantation, an important topic in child witnesses, is a subject yet to be researched. Similarly, sequencing of recall in children and the extent of display or description of emotions when interviewed can be researched. A lucrative area can be to discover methods to allow both therapy and ratified proceedings to coexist simultaneously without increasing suggestibility. Lastly, the paper suggests that instead of looking to sexual abuse cases, researchers should grant that there are large proportions of non-sexual cases that can be looked into. However, authors should note that these researches must be applied to the field in order to be rendered effective. It requires policymakers and researchers to come together to allow such cooperation. Through such partnerships, interview processes can be improved to reduce suggestibility.